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高考阅读理解文章分析_高考阅读理解文章
tamoadmin 2024-06-29 人已围观
简介1.高考英语阅读理解易错题分析2.高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧3.2018年11月浙江高考英语阅读B篇分析4.高考语文如何做散文阅读理解5.高考英语阅读文怎么答6.高考英语阅读理解类型 高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧 导语:高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点,二就是要大量的做题,以下是我为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧,欢迎大家参考!
1.高考英语阅读理解易错题分析
2.高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧
3.2018年11月浙江高考英语阅读B篇分析
4.高考语文如何做散文阅读理解
5.高考英语阅读文怎么答
6.高考英语阅读理解类型
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
导语:高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点,二就是要大量的做题,以下是我为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧,欢迎大家参考!
阅读理解之主旨大意题
我们阅读一篇文章, 首先是要了解其大意, 明确其主旨。因此, 主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括:主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题,title题考了5题, purpose题考了5题。
解题技巧
1.弄清文章的大意, 关键是找到主题句。
主题句的位置:主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应, 有时也在文中,或没有主题句,需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句,但记叙文通常没有主题句,需要归纳。
2.找主题句的方法:用浏览法(skimming),即
快速阅读文首、文尾,或每段的首句和尾句等,搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门:
(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时, 该句很可能是主题句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时, 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点,通常是主旨;反复出现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。
3.关于干扰项和正确答案。
(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些 (不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
(2)正确答案:是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
4.在阅读理解中,主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式: (1)Main idea型:选择项多为陈述句,要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的.句子。题干多为如下形式:
①What's the main idea/point of the passage?
②The passage is mainly about________.
③The passage is mainly concerned about________.
④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?
⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.
⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.
⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.
(2)Main purpose型:选择项多为动宾结构,要求考生找到主要的写作目的,常见以下几种题干形式:
①What's the purpose of the passage?
②The passage is meant to________.
③The purpose of the article is to________.
④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.
⑤The passage tells us that________.
⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...
(3)标题型:选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式,命题形式:
①The best title of the passage is________.
②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
③The best title for the passage is________.
④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
典型例析
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop
pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.
30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.A Wheelchair Experience.
B.Weakness and Kindness.
C.Weakness and Strength.
D.A Driving Experience
解析:主旨大意题。在第一段中,出现了表转折的But...可知,“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主题句,再根据第二段最后一句可以确定,这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目,故选B。
答案:B
In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable
products.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
45.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To introduce a new business model.
B.To compare two business models.
C.To predict a change of the global market.
D.To advocate sustainable development.
解析:主旨大意题。在第一段中,出现了转折的Actually,其后的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed,and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的)ways”是主题句,随后的两句话都是对这一句进
行解释;句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”,第二段首句“Today,sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries”进一步说明,作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。
答案:D
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often
be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
30.What is the best title of the passage?
A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom
B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture
C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting
D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation
解析:主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。
答案:A
(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein,in his book If I Make It to Five,tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom,a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination
…
It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But,next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So,let your imagination run wild,and dare to dream.
30.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To tell us an interesting story.
B.To help us make right decisions.
C.To advise us to care about children.
D.To encourage us to use our imagination.
解析:主旨大意题。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。
答案:D
;高考英语阅读理解易错题分析
2010 北京卷 D 段
The Cost of Higher Education_免费的大学教育不合理
这篇文章逻辑推理非常严密,正反方阐述也相当有力。标准总分总结构。
Individuals should pay for their higher education.
A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources of the . Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full funding is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the . Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy. Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest and create jobs. If you believe that the should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the to invest.
Therefore, it is the individual, not the who should pay for their university education.
高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解易错题分析
在高考英语试卷的各类题型中,阅读理解和英语作文分值最大,高三学生在复习阅读理解时也比较吃力,不知从何入手,更不知道怎么提高阅读理解能力及分数。下面我为你整理了高考英语阅读理解易错题分析,希望对您有所帮助!
高考英语阅读理解易错题分析1:
WANG Hao and Wang Liqin, two of China's top table tennis players, both saw the World Table Tennis Championships as a chance to prove themselves. But there was only one champion (冠军) and Wang Hao, 25, won it last Tuesday in Yokohama , Japan.
Wang Hao, who won the men's doubles title with Chen Qi last Monday, played with spirit to beat Wang Liqin 11-9, 13-11, 11-5, 11-9.
Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness (心理稳定) that made the difference. "I was disappointed by my performances in past championships and the last two Olympic Games. But I have tried to pull myself together and prepared well. This is the result."
Wang Hao said he has always understood the importance of physical training and technical skills. Now he knows the need for mental preparation as well. Having two Olympic silvers had left him feeling bitter (痛苦的). The bitterness perhaps explains why he has not always played at his best in the past.
"I've come to understand that you can learn important lessons from failure," he said. "Losing can build your character and make you a stronger player." His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2012.
Liu Guoliang, head coach of China's table tennis team, sang the praises of Wang Hao's victory. "This is just the beginning of his rise," said Liu. "It's the confidence-booster he needs to make further progress."
1.According to the passage, Wang Hao won _____ gold medals in the World Table Tennis Championships in Yokohama, Japan.
A.only one B.two C.three D.four
2.From Wang Hao, we can know the main reason for his beating Wang Liqin is ______.
A.his technical skills B. his physical training
C.his mental toughness D. his past experience
3.What is the next goal of Wang Hao?
A.To win the title of the champion at the 2012 Olympics
B.To beat Wang Liqin again
C.To prove himself in the future competitions
D.To win more golds in future
4.What can we learn from Wang Hao?
A.Failure is the mother of success.
B.Never give up until you succeed.
C.Where there is a will, there is a way.
D.A good beginning makes a good ending.
1.错解分析典型错误A.错因分析没有全面地阅读文章,以点代面了。
解题指导细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知。此类题可以带着问题在文中采用查读法寻找答案。
答案本题的正确选项为B.
2.错解分析典型错误A或B或是D。错因分析是没有抓住细节理解题的重点,审题不细。因为题干中有一个mainly.
解题指导细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的第一句话可知。对于细节理解题的选项的选择,一定要理解题干,并防止以次代主。
答案本题的正确选项为C。
3.错解分析典型错误D.错因分析审题不清,D项也许是Wang Hao的远期目标,但是题干是the next goal。
解题指导细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2012.”可知。注意审题。
答案本题的正确选项为A。
4.错解分析典型错误B或C.错因分析在于学生对文章的理解不透彻。
解题指导推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知。推理判断题要认真研读文章,根据文章中的内容来进行推理判断。
答案本题的正确选项为A。
高考英语阅读理解易错题分析2:
Have you ever used solar energy to boil a bottle of water or take a shower? Have you ever thought that solar energy is far away from our daily lives? You may doubt about that. In Japan, there is a wonderful program of Solar City.
Solar City is located 80,000 meters northwest of Tokyo, among the strawberry fields. This is one of Japan’s sunniest places. Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres. Seventy-five percent of the homes there are covered by solar panels. The has provided people there with the solar panels for free. In addition, the has paid 9.7 billion yen to study how to make full use of solar energy. A number of solar energy companies have also given money to help this program.
People living in Solar City think using solar panels is a good way to save money. However, saving money is not the only reason why people are moving into this city. "We moved here because of the panels. It was something we wanted,” said Mika Hiroshima. She moved to Solar City with her husband and two little children about four years ago.
It is well known that Japan is a country that is short of energy, but the Solar City program has brought hope for the country. "People want solar energy,” said an official of Solar City. Actually in Solar City, there are 550 families making use of solar energy at the moment. All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010. In sunny days, solar panels are able to provide more than enough energy for a normal family. However, the solar panels are not that useful in cloudy days. Despite this, Solar City is still a wonderful program because it inspires people to wisely use the limited energy.
1.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.
A.test the readers’ knowledge about solar energy
B.draw the readers’ attention to the topic
C.learn the situation that solar energy is used
D.invite the readers to answer them
2.The third paragraph of the passage is mainly about ______.
A.the reason why people are moving into Solar City
B.how the people are living in Solar City
C.the things that people living in Solar City need
D.the life experience from the people living in Solar City
3.It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A.Japan is a country which is lacking in energy
B.the solar panels are only useful in sunny days
C.the Solar City program will be successful
D.Solar City is a very modern big city
参考答案及解析:
1.错解分析典型错误A.错因分析:信息错位,张冠李戴。题干是考查文章开头的写作目的,而非全篇的写作目的。
解题指导写作目的题。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考,或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物,目的往往是为了引出主题,故选B。
答案本题的正确选项为B。
2.错解分析典型错误B.错因分析是没有抓住文章段落的主题。
解题指导主旨大意题。从本段来看,第一句话说出,生活在使用太阳电池板省钱。第二句话说出了,生活在不仅是为了省钱,还为了太阳电池板。因此,可知答案为A。考查文章的段落大意,此时要注意段落的主题句,可位于段首,段尾或段落的中间,也有的要从段中自己提取的。
答案本题的.正确选项为A。
3.错解分析典型错误A或B.错因分析是没有掌握试题的特点,推理判断题要从文中进行推断,而不是文中的原话。
解题指导推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段中的“All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010.”可知。此项目的目的达到了。因此,C项正确。D项,可根据文中的“Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres.”知,Solar City并不是一个大城市。A、B两项是文中的事实,而非推理。推理判断题分为简单推理和复杂推理。所谓简单推理就是以表面文字为前提,以具体事实为依据进行推理,做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接,只要弄清事实,即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。而复杂推理就是不但要以文字为依据,而且还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。这是一种间接而复杂的逻辑推理方式。考生要推断出文章没有表明但又合乎逻辑的推理,就必须由表及里地归纳或演绎。
答案本题的正确选项为C。
;2018年11月浙江高考英语阅读B篇分析
关于高三英语复习中的阅读理解题,成都美博的老师为同学们梳理了四类题型的相关解题方法及攻略,供同学们酌情参考:
一、主旨大意题
标志词:title,subject,main,idea,topic,theme 等词
1. 归纳标题题
特点:短小精悍,一般多为一个短语,涵盖性强,一般能覆盖全文意思,精确性强,表达范围要恰当,不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。
2. 概括大意题
特点:包括寻找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea)
解题技巧:
A. 位于段首
往往在文章开头,先点出主题,然后围绕主题做具体陈述。
判断第一句是否为主题句,可以分析段落首句与第二、三句的关系,若第二句开始就对第一句进行说明,则第一句就是主题句。
有些段落,主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词,如:for example, an example of, first, second, next,last,finally,to begin with, also, ,besides,one...the other,some ,others等
B. 位于段尾
有些文章,会在开头列举事实,然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。当一种观点不易解释清楚或不易别人接受时,主题句便会到段落末尾才出现。可以通过引出结论的信号词,来确定主题句的位置在段尾,如:so,therefore,thus,consequently,in conclusion,in short,
in a word,to sum up等
C. 位于段中
先介绍背景和细节,接着用一句综合性或概括性的话概括前面的内容,然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论,这种主题句往往会在段落中间出现。先提出问题,,然后给予回答/点出主题思想(主题句),最后给予解释
D. 首尾呼应
主题句在段落开头和结尾先后出现,但并非简单重复,后一个主题句对该主题作最后的评述,或对要点作一概括,或使之引申留给读者去思考
E. 无明确主题句
找关键词(出现频率较高),归纳总结
注意:
新题型中有一个选项是干扰项,易犯三种错误:
(1)表述过于表面,只涵盖该段个别细节
(2)表述过于笼统,已经超出该段内容
(3)表述于段落内容无关,在段落中找不到相关依据
二、细节理解题
考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题答案一般都能在文中找到。但答案不一定是文中原句,要根据文章信息自行组织语句回答问题。
1. 事实细节题——寻读法
直接理解题:who,what,which,when,where,why,how提问,或判断正误;
间接理解题:需与原文信息转换,表达上与原文有差异
2. 排列顺序题——首尾定位法
找出第一个事件和最后一个事件,用排除法缩小范围
3. 图文匹配题——按图索骥理清线索
设题形式:给出图表,根据图表提问问题
4. 数字计算题——(方法:审题——带着问题找细节-对比、分析、计算)
可直接找到相关细节,但需经过计算得到答案
三、推理判断题
主要考查对文章隐含或深层含义的理解能力,要求根据内容做出合乎逻辑的判断,包括对作者观点的理解、态度的判断、对修辞语气、隐含意思的理解等。
题干关键词:infer(推断),indicate(象征、暗示),imply/suggest(暗示),conclude(作出结论),assume(假定、设想)
1. 细节推理判断题
一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断
2. 预测推理判断题
根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测
3. 推测文章来源或读者对象
4. 写作意图、目的、态度推断题
a.询问写作目的,选项词常为:explain(解释),prove(证明),persuade(劝说),advise(劝告),comment(评论),praise(赞扬),criticize(批评),entertain(),demonstrate(举例说明),analyze(分析)等
b.询问语气态度,选项词常为:neutral(中立的),sympathetic(同情的),satisfied(满意的),enthusiastic(热情的),subjective(主观的),pessimistic(悲观的),optimistic(乐观的),critical(批评的),doubtful(怀疑的);hostile(敌对的)等
解题技巧:
1. 文中直接陈述的内容不能选,要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
2. 选择的答案一定要在文中找到依据或者理由。
3. 要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,不能以自己的观点代替作者想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断。
四、语义猜测题
考点:
1. 猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义
2. 对文中的多义词或词组进行定义
3. 判断某个代词的指代对象
解题技巧:
1. 通过因果关系猜词
找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,可借助关联词(because,as,since,for,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等)
2. 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词,一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组;二要看进一步解释过程中使用的同义词
通过反义词猜词,一要看表转折关系的连词或副词;二要看与not搭配的表示否定的词语
3. 通过构词法猜词
根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词法判断词义
4. 通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
这种同义或释义关系常用is,or,that is,in other word,be called
5. 通过句法功能来推测语义
6. 通过描述猜词
7. 通过常识猜词
高考语文如何做散文阅读理解
摘要
高考英语试题整体题型结构当中,阅读理解回答问题(包括本文将要评述的阅读理解四选一试题)占据高考试卷相当的比例。一线教学当中也会使用此类试题作为评价英语学习的方式,那么如何判断一篇英语阅读理解试题的优劣呢?本文以2819年11月浙江高考英语阅读理解B篇作为实例来进行客观分析。
文章首句22个词。并非是一个短句。而且句中没有生僻词汇,也没有复杂句式。但是却没有出现本文的主题词汇summer vacation 。却巧妙地运用了forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents homes, sleep-away camps and lifeguard stands这样的描述,引出了下面可能的主题。此处正常来说不会设立命题点,因为单从本句看,没有命题点需要的支撑信息。甚至读者也可以跃过此句直接阅读下文,因为接下来的but summer vacation 提示主题内容开始描述了。首句中可以通过阅读学习的短语为forget about ,set off for,sleep-away camps,life guard stands。假如此处欲命题的话可以命制一个简单推断题,但是干扰项不好设计。而此句在写作情感上属于比较欢快的文字,用于句首平衡了文章在语意上的表达风格。
接下来But引出的转折意义并非是首句的直接转折而是引出本文的核心阐述脉络。以三个关键转折时间点为依托,突出summer vacation 的发展历程,以及每一个阶段的特点。也就是说从此处开始文章主要以时间顺序来描述。层层递进。
第一个时间点Before the civil war ,关键信息neither of which included a summer vacation ,rural ,urban……。此处命题人命制24题:
24. What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do?
A. Enjoy a summer vacation.
B. Take a break each quarter.
C. Have 48 weeks of study a year.
D. Assist their parents with farm work.
本套试卷阅读理解部分命题人均采用了问答式提问。大约看了一下提问风格,没有特别的测试学角度意义,应该只是命题人的个人喜好而已。本题题干部分信息很完整了,个人甚至认为因为题干信息提示过多,这条题目的干扰项会是一种“倾向于绕脑的考查”,而不是纯粹的对文章主题信息的理解程度的考查。看选项,BC项是描述当时的urban school 相应情况的,所以题干限制在rural上,A项的设置还是比较好的,有对于文中信息neither of which 部分的一个理解误判的可能性。答案是D项。
接下来是时间标志词in the 1840s,而命题人也是根据三个时间发展段的相关信息来设计命题点的。文章脉络没有特殊分析价值,看试题25题干依然是全包含具体信息题干,关键词educational reformers ,in the 1840s,基本就完全制约限制了读者的思维,只需要根据提示回读原文信息即可。此题的特点是,选项B项的设置为原文信息第一段Rural(农村的)schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons.和本段中that rural schooling was not enough ,甚至可以说直接根据后者就可以否定,这种干扰项命题方式属于民间所说的原文信息反面paraphrase ,既然not enough,自然不能再shortenen 了,此干扰项的设置还可以算作阅读理解范围内的可能误判而出现的信息误差点,尽管选项内容和题干内容的信息提示都过度具体,但是可以接受。C项在原文信息链中是不存在相关信息支持的。从原文介绍summer vacation 到此处promote the study of farming,基本没有逻辑和思维关联性。原文提示farming calendar 是改革的措施之一。D项也是“张冠李戴”式的干扰项设置,原文it offered a rest for teachers,而rest则在summer vacation 的信息链条上。这就是信息链条紧密结合相关主题的阅读模式,可以有助于此类阅读理解命题的理解和解答。答案A。A项的确认可以从文章发展脉络以及第二段整体信息可以推测出来,也就是“先无后有”,而通过常识也知道summer vacation 是存在的了。
25. What did the educational reformers do in the 1840s?
A. They introduced summer vacation.
B. They shortened rural school terms.
C. They promoted the study of farming.
D. They advocated higher pay for teachers.
按照时间发展顺序看接下来一段信息,modern age,为了便于直观理解把本段内容复制过来:But people's opinion about the modern U.S.school year, which averages 180 days,is still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships(实习)or study, there's still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.看段落衔接词But从语篇分析角度这是一个对于之前信息的转折,也就是说,上面的信息内容传递的核心含义在此段会有转折性的表述,此处以people’s opinion 的形式出现,而首句中的180days,school year暗示假期也是180days,根据逻辑解读判断,此假期时间是比较长的。而此句当中divided的运用说明相关观点是有分歧的,所以26题当中提到了some people unhappy 也就是其中一部分人的观点。看接下来的一个长句Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007. 首先作者采用了expers的观点,且提到了two international education reports published in 2007,作者如此写作的目的是为了证明观点的权威性,增加可信度。pleasant but lazy 即可以根据紧接着的举例而肯定所要强调的是lazy带来的后果。此句尽管略长,但没有影响阅读的生僻词汇和句式,所以基本可以掌握传递的信息。到此处可以完成26题:
26. Why are some people unhappy about the modern U. S. school year?
A. It pushes the teachers too hard.
B. It reduces the quality of education
C. It ignores science instruction.
D. It includes no time for internships.
因为接下来文章最后的观点属于解决问题的办法,所以和26题关联不大。此题的作答最佳方法就是直接从题目到原文到正确答案。不要细致琢磨干扰项,因为正确答案可以直接判断,防止被干扰和节约作答时间。答案为B。
简要总结:
本文文本选取还是可以的,内容为中学生相关,且具有跨文化差异性,可以辅助了解美国中学summer vacation 的相关信息。文章写作风格比较平铺直叙,按照时间顺序进行罗列,因此结构比较清晰,围绕核心话题论述比较紧凑,信息链明确。但由于文章风格是细节描述非常多,所以留给读者的深层次阅读和推理审辨阅读理解的空间不大。命题人全部设置了完全细节问答模式,把阅读者思维限制在局限范围内。题目设置优点在于干扰项的设置,大多比较巧妙(通俗说比较绕),避免了细节题目可能的弱干扰或者无效干扰。本篇作答特点是题干——原文——正确答案。尽量减少在干扰项上的徘徊。
高考英语阅读文怎么答
语文答题公式-
(一)某句话在文中的作用:-
1、文首:开篇点题;渲染气氛(散文),埋下伏笔(记叙类文章),设置悬念(小说,但上海不会考),为下文作辅垫;总领下文;-
2、文中:承上启下;总领下文;总结上文;-
3、文末:点明中心(散文);深化主题(记叙类文章文章);照应开头(议论文、记叙类文章文、小说)-
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(二)修辞手法的作用:-
(1)它本身的作用;(2)结合句子语境。-
1、比喻、拟人:生动形象;-
答题格式:生动形象地写出了+对象+特性。-
2、排比:有气势、加强语气、一气呵成等;-
答题格式:强调了+对象+特性-
3;设问:引起读者注意和思考;-
答题格式:引起读者对+对象+特性的注意和思考-
反问:强调,加强语气等;-
4、对比:强调了……突出了……-
5、反复:强调了……加强语气-
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(三)句子含义的解答:-
这样的题目,句子中往往有一个词语或短语用了比喻、对比、借代、象征等表现方法。答题时,把它们所指的对象揭示出来,再疏通句子,就可以了。-
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(四)某句话中某个词换成另一个行吗?为什么?-
动词:不行。因为该词准确生动具体地写出了……-
形容词:不行。因为该词生动形象地描写了……-
副词(如都,大都,非常只有等):不行。因为该词准确地说明了……的情况(表程度,表限制,表时间,表范围等),换了后就变成……,与事实不符。-
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(五)一句话中某两三个词的顺序能否调换?为什么? -
不能。因为:-
(1)与人们认识事物的(由浅入深、由表入里、由现象到本质)规律不一致。-
(2)该词与上文是一一对应的关系。-
(3)这些词是递进关系,环环相扣,不能互换。-
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(六)段意的概括归纳-
1.记叙类文章:回答清楚(什么时间、什么地点)什么人做什么事。-
格式:(时间+地点)+人+事。-
2.说明类文章:回答清楚说明对象是什么,它的特点是什么。-
格式:说明(介绍)+说明对象+说明内容(特点)-
3.议论类文章:回答清楚议论的问题是什么,作者观点怎样。-
格式:用什么论证方法证明了(论证了)+论点-
高考英语阅读理解类型
1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;
2、了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节;
3、根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义;
4、既理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系;
5、根据所读材料进行一定的判断,推理和引申;
6、正确领会作者的观点和态度。
有鉴于此,本文将讨论高考英语阅读理解中针对以上情况设计的题型,帮助考生熟悉常见题型,掌握解题策略和技巧。
解题方法:
1)定位法
根据题干或选项中的线索词回原文,找到相关句,与选项相比较确定答案。
2)固定思路
这种做题方法主要与三正一误的下列问法相联系:
Which of the following mentioned except…
Which of the following is not mentioned…?
这种问题的正确选项所包含的信息通常连续出现在同一段,而且往往无列举标志词,如first,second,third等。做题时只需阅读有关段落,根据一个选项中的关键词在其前后找其他两个正确先项,剩下一个原文中未提到的,为正确答案。
2、例证题
例子为高考阅读理解的常见考点之一,这类题的基本结构为The author provides in line…(或Paragraph…)an example in order to…意思是问文中举出某现象或例子的目的。高考阅读理解文章如果是说明文和议论文,文章中举出一些例子无非是为了说明一定的道理。关键在于这个例子在原文出现的位置,但不管如何,这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结说明性的话,这句话就是答案,即举例的目的。如果例子与全文主题有关,则例证主题,答案为主题句。如果例子与段落主题有关,就例证段落主题,则答案为段落主题句;此外,答案为例子前后总结说明性的话。
3、其他形式的具体题
1)定义
定义可以分为两种:
a.与主题有关的篇章定义,理解它有助于做主旨题。
b.具体定义对中某个现象或术语加以定义,有时成为词义题的考试内容。
2)年代与数字
这个考点有几种出题方式,但不管以何种形式出现,只要题干问年代与数字,答案就对应于文章中的年代与数字。
3)比较
比较考点的表现形式主要有:
a.比较级与含有比较意义的词汇手段和句型结构;
b.表示绝对意义的字眼:
first(第一),least(最不),uttermost(最)等;
c.表示惟一性的词汇:only,unique等;
阅读最最好能圈草表示最高级、惟一性和绝对意义的词汇,便于做题对回原文定位。
4)原因
这种题的答案在原文通常有一些表示因果关系的词汇手段提示:1)表示因果关系的名词:result,reason;2)表示因果关系的动词:result in(结果),result from(由于,由),base…on…(以……为基础),be due to (由于);3)表示因果关系的连词或介词:because,for,why;4)表示因果关系的副词;as a result,consequently等,阅读时对这些提示词应该予以注意。
除了上述原文有因果关系提示词的显性原因考点之外,隐性原因(两个句子之间为因果关系,但无有关提示词)也是常见考点。不管是显性原因考点,还是隐性原因考点,原文相关句出现的格式都是先说原因,后说结果,而在题干中通常给出结果,就其原因提问。
三、词义题——学会推断
要做好这类题,首先必须熟练掌握中学英语教学大纲列出的约2000个词汇与一定数量的短文,这是最起码的要求。其次,掌握必要的做题技巧也很重要。不过词义题中所考单词的意义通常超出大纲,所以根据上下文推断词汇的能力在考试中显得尤其重要。这种能力可以通过下列几种方法加强:
1、破解词汇本身的意义
如何破解词本身的意义呢?方法之一是掌握构词法的基本知识。不仅平时可以用这个方法记忆大纲中的词汇,考试时也可以用这个方法推测词汇意义。假如对英语词汇中包含的前缀、后缀和词根的含义或功能比较了解,就能较准确地推测出它们相互组合形成的整体词义。
2、利用一下文线索
除了以构词法破解词汇的意义以外,做词义题用得更多的方法是根据上下文所提供的线索词义。这里的上下文指该词所在的句子本身,也包括这个句子的上下句或更远的上下文。一般而言,上下文线索所提示的意义与所考词汇的关系要么为同义关系,要么为反义关系。假如二者为同义关系,那么所考词汇的意思就是线索提示词的意思;假如二者为反义关系,所考词汇的意思就是线索提示词的反义。
3、利用语法和逻辑
有时根据上下文提代的线索或者其他方法,仍然不能得到唯一答案,就可以利用语法和逻辑方面的规则来判断,符合语法和逻辑规则的可能为正确答案,反之则不是正确答案。
4、指代题
指代题作为词义题的一种,也是常见题型之一。解这类题,要注意代词批代总的原则——就近指代:代词指代在性(阴性或阳性)、数(单数或复数)、格(主格或宾格)、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言,如上所述,代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句之中;就数而言,单数代词指代单数名词,复数代词指代复数名词,例如:it 指代单数名词(单数可数名词或不可数名词),也可指代一个句子;they指代复数名词主格;them指代复数名词宾格;one指代单可数名词等。除了位置、性、数和格等方面的要求外,逻辑和意义也是衡量的标准,也就是说,正确的答案应该从意义(主要指语法搭配)上和逻辑(主要指思想内容)上而言都通顺。
四、推理题——考识别能力
推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,作出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可是某几句话,但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以,推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案:即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。推理题的目的是考识别能力,并不涉及复杂的判断和推理。因此,其主要做法是:根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索找到原文的相关句,读懂后,比照选项,对相关句进行同义改写或综合概括的选项为正确答案。做题时要注意题干的语言形式,如According to the passage,——It can be inferred from the passage that——;It can be concluded from the passage that——等,虽然从表面上看是问有关全文的题,但实际上不用看全篇,仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话,然后得出答案。针对推理题的不同形式,可以采取以下做法:1.假如题干中有具体线索,根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话),然后做出推理;2.假如题干中无线索,如It can be inferred from the passage that——;It can be concluded from the passage that——等,先扫一下4个选项,排除不太可能的选项,然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句,做出推理;3.如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨,那么推理题,如infer, conclude题型,可能与文章主旨有关,考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处);假如其他题已经涉及文章主旨,那么要求推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关,如果如此,应该找段落主题所在处;如果不与段落主题有关,有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关,这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文叙述。
高考英语阅读理解类型
阅读理解是高考英语试卷中卷面分值最高的,为了方便考生们更好地复习英语,我在这里整理了高考英语阅读理解类型及答题技巧,希望能对考生们有所帮助!
英语阅读文体类型简析
高考英语阅读常见的文体类型有:记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。
[1]、记叙文。
英语记叙文以描写叙述为主,主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。特点是,其主题往往潜伏在字里行间,没有直接地表白出来;文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法,快速抓住文中描写的主要内容,从整体上去把握文章的连贯性,进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。
[2]、议论文。
英语议论文通常为三段式,即?论点、论据、结论?三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点,然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证,最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此,遇到议论文体时,应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨,弄清作者的观点。一般来说,作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出,接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证,最后为结论。还应注意的是:在对论点论证的过程中,每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的.位置是理解议论文的关键。
就议论文而言,其论证的常见结构方式有:
1,总分式 总---分;分----总;总----分---总;
2,并列式 几个论据之间属于平等关系;
3,递进式 几个论据之间属于递进关系;
4,对照式 把两种事物加以对比,以彰显其中一种。
[3]、说明文。
英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份,说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法:
1,定义与诠释说明;
2,举例与引用说明;
3,分类与图表说明;
4,比较与比喻说明;
5,分析与综合说明;
就高考英语说明文的阅读而言,首先要抓住文章说明的要点,也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征;弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明;并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法,理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。
[4]、应用文。
英语应用文属于实用型文体,如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解,弄清作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法,力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。
英语阅读理解答题技巧
高考阅读理解常见的设题形式有:词义猜测题、主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理题和推断题。题型不同,答题技巧也就有差异。下面就不同题型的答题技巧作一点简分析。
1、词义猜测技巧。
这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行词义猜测。这类题型不仅要求具备一定构词法,而且也要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解。做词意猜测时,应注意划线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句。定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意。另外,还要应注意生词后的标点符号,如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。有时,词意隐藏在全文或某一段中,这就需要把握文段的意境来加以透知该词的含义。
To argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. Every single day,over one hundred animal species vanish. Scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the Earth?s species will become extinct.
27.The underlined word ?vanish? in Paragraph 2 most probably means _____.
A. remain B. disappear C. become rarer D. get killed
2、抓主旨大意的技巧。
一般来说,议论文的主旨大意要么在首段,要么在尾段。文章主旨位于首段时,其后的段落通常是演绎论证的过程;在段尾时,其前的段落通常是在摆事实、讲道理,最后归纳出全文主旨。说明文的主旨也通常位于首段;记叙文的主旨有的位于开首段(如新闻报道、时事经纬等文章的主旨均置于开场白的位置,达到开门见山、直奔主题的效果),但大多数记叙文的主旨隐藏在文章之中,需理清文章脉络,挖掘文章内涵,把握作者意图。
Zoos divide opinion:there are those who think it is cruel to keep animals locked up while others believe zoos are essential for the survival of endangered species.
29. According to the passage some people do not agree with zoos because they _____.
A. are too expensive to run B. put animals in danger
C. do not provide enough food D. keep animals locked up
3、推断题型答题技巧。
推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义,即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述,而寓意在文章的字里行间,要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析,推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否,很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。
To argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. Every single day,over one hundred animal species vanish. Scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the Earth?s species will become extinct.
26. What?s the writer?s attitude towards zoos?
A. He shows no opinion either for or against them.
B. He thinks that they are unnecessary and cruel.
C. He believes they play an important environmental role.
D. He expresses a desire that more of them be built.
4、细节题型的答题技巧。
细节题型的解答通常是借助对文中的具体信息的查寻来解决。答题时要采取略读、扫读、析读和精读的办法从文中找出问题答案。细节题型多问及时间、地点、人物、数量和特征等。
Some animals are in danger because they are hunted. Alarmingly, the population of tigers has already fallen by ninety-five percent. Other species are in danger because of a lack of food. For example, there are fewer than 1300 giant pandas left in the wild.
28. According to the passage the world?s tiger population _____.
A. will rise by 5% next year B. is relatively stable
C/ is 95% smaller than in the past D. has fallen to 95%
;