高考语法考点,高考语法考点有多少

1.高考英语语法填空必背知识

2.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-倒装用法归纳之一

3.高考英语语法题目类型和分布重点

4.高考英语语法填空进行时态知识点与必记的单词

5.英语语法：高考英语定语从句的主要考

6.上海高考英语语法重点有哪些

7.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-英语写作词语选择的要点

1、定语从句

定语从句是考试中的重中之重。定语从句有两大考点，关系词选择和非限定性定语从句。关系词的选择关键要从其在从句中担任着的成分决定的，而不是在主句中的。

非限定性定语从句通常由逗号与修饰的名词相隔开，而且只能由which，who，whom，whose引导，其中which既可以指物，也可以指前面一整句话。

2、分词作状语有几种情况

有时还可表示伴随情况或方式;注意在一些动词短语中to为介词，后加名词或动名词;现在分词短语还可作原因状语;在某些动词或词组后常用现在分词作状语，对前面内容进行补充。

3、主谓一致

就近原则either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等结构作主语时，由第二个词后的名词决定谓语形式;表示时间，距离，金钱，速度等的数量词作主语时，通常将其看作是一个整体，为单数;当主语后跟有、with，together with，as well as，but ，except等短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

4、虚拟语气

引导的条件状语中，表示与现在情况相反的假设，表示与过去情况相反的假设时;would rather后若加从句则要用过去式表示虚拟语气，也可以直接加do sth宁愿做…;表建议，要求，命令的动词，及与其相关的名词、形容词或分词，后面的从句中都要用should+动词原形作谓语，should可省略; wish后表示与现实相反的愿望时要用虚拟语气。

5、省略句

在一些时间，条件或让步状语从句中，当主句和从句的主语相同，而从句为主系结构时(即有be)，可将从句主语和系动词一起省略。

6、倒装句

only后面加状语，并放于句首时，句子用倒装;而当其修饰其它成分时不倒装;表示否定意义的副词或短语，如seldom，never，rarely，in no time.

高考英语语法填空必背知识

《高中英语语法-简单句、并列句和复合句》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

简单句、并列句和复合句

(一)句子种类两种分类法

1、按句子的用途可分四种:

1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before.

2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she?

3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class

4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!

2、按句子的结构可分三种:

1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

e.g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。

e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

(二)简单句的五种基本句型

1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student.

2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work.

3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car.

5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.

注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

(三)并列句的分类

1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only?but also?, neither?nor?, then等连接。e.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John.

2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either?or?, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.

3、表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

(四)高考考点探讨

1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解,在书面表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。

2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目,几个考点,是近几年命题的发展趋势。

3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如:and, but, or, while,以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。

4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起,以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显,时间从句与条件从句中,如果主句是将来时,从句则用一般式表将来,这一点在高考中经常考查。

如:We will go outing if it doesn't rain tomorrow。

练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句

一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:

1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.

2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.

3. There is a chair in this room, isn't there?

4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.

5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.

7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.

8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn't it?

9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.

10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句:

I hope you are very well( ). I'm fine, but tired( ). Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm( ). August is the hottest month here( ). It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.( ) Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors( ). We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat( ). We have a lot of machines on the farm( ). Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him( ). But he employs more men for the harvest( ). My brother takes care of the vegetable garden( ). It doesn't often rain in the summer here( ). As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden( ). Every evening we pump water from a well( ). It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden( ).

Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time( ). These parties often make us very happy( ). We cook meat on an open fire outside( ). It's great( )! Americans eat a lot of meat - too much in my opinion( ). Some of my friends drink beer( ). I don't, because I have to drive home after the party( ). In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States( ). There are five different time areas in the States( ). In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time( ). How many different time areas do you have in China( )? Well, I must stop and get some sleep( ). Please give my best regards to your parents( ).

三、选择填空:

1. Give me one more minute ____ I'll be able to finish it.

A. and B. or C. if D. so

2. It's the third time that John has been late, ____?

A. hasn't he B. isn't he C. isn't it D. hasn't it

3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!

A. How B. What C. What a D. What an

4. Let us pass, ____?

A. shan't we B. shall we C. won't we D. will you

5. I suppose he's serious, ____ ?

A. do I B. don't I C. is he D. isn't he

6. You had better not smoke here, ____?

A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you

7. Train as hard as you can ____ you'll win the swimming competition.

A. then B. but C. and D. or

8. I'm sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.

A. and B. but C. so D. because

9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.

A. Henry hasn't too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry

10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.

A. or B. for C. while D. so

11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?

---- I'd like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so

12. ---- "____ is the temperature today?" ----"It's 38 degrees."

A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high

13. ---- Your uncle isn't an engineer, is he? ---- ____.

A. Yes, he isn't B. No, he isn't C. No, he is D. He is

14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!

A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is

15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.

A. or B. so C. for D. yet

16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made

17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.

A. but B. and C. or D. yet

18. ---- I'd really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.

---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.

A. Tell me B. If you would say to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell me

19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.

A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he

20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I've lost it.

A. since B. but C. because D. so

21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby's asleep in the next room.

A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn

22. ---- I don't like chicken ____ fish. ---- I don't like chicken ____ I like fish very much.

A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but

23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ---- I'd like to, ____ I'm too busy.

A. and B. so C. as D. but

24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?

A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise

25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.

A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived

26. "Can't you read?" Mary said ____ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointed

27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

A. whom B. where C. which D. while

28. ____ it with me and I'll see what I can do.

A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave

29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____? ---- But I fed it yesterday.

A. do you B. will you C. didn't you D. don't you

30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.

A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch

四、按要求完成下列句子:

1. He dares to tell the truth.(改为否定句)

2. They have lived here for more than ten years.(对画线部分提问)

3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?(完成反意疑问)

4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.(改为祈使句)

5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)

6. It is an interesting story.(改为感叹句)

7. This magazine comes out(出版)every other week.(对画线部分提问)

8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________?(完成反意疑问)

9. The moon is shining brightly.(改为感叹句)

10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. (对画线部分提问) 《高中英语语法-简单句、并列句和复合句》由liuxue86.com我整理

高考英语语法:高中英语语法-倒装用法归纳之一

英语高考的时候，不管是单词、 短语 、句型还是语法，都会被考察到，所以考生们一定要全面复习好这些知识。下面是我整理分享的高考英语语法填空必背知识，欢迎阅读与借鉴，希望对你们有帮助!

高考英语语法填空必背知识

一、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词

1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播

2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑

3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止

4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅

5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰

6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的;作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)

7. lie (作“说谎”讲时，是规则的;作“位于”讲时，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain)

8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求

9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖

10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌

11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉

12. spread (spread, spread) 传播

13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳

14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎

15. weave (wove, woven) 编织

二、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母

双写规则口诀:重读闭音节有特点，词尾是两“辅”夹一“元”。

若把-ing，-er(-est)，-ed添，辅音字母要双写全。

注：两“辅”夹一“元”：指单词最后三个字母是“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”(最后一个字母如是w，x，y除外)，其中元音字母所发的音是该单词的重音。即“以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词”。

1. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认

2. permit (permitted, permitting)允许

3. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔

4. forget (forgotten, forgetting ) 忘记 unforgettable

5. control (controlled, controlling) 控制

6. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现

7. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿

8. refer (referred, referring) 提到

9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备

注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语) 另外注意：destroy (destroyed) employ (employed)

shyer; shyest

三、容易拼写错的数字

1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二

5. twentieth第二十

四、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化

1. long—length 长度— lengthen加长

2. wide—width 宽度—widen

3. high—height 高度—heighten

4. strong—strength力量 —strengthen

5.deep—depth—deepen

6. short—shortness—shorten

7.broad—broadness—broaden

8.large—largeness—enlarge

五、以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或ed

1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐

2.panic (panicked, panicked) a./ v.惊慌,恐慌,惶恐不安

六、个别名词的'复数拼写

1. German (Germans) 德国人

2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾

3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕

4. hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。

5. roof (roofs) 房顶

6. stomach 胃 (其复数是stomachs而不是加es)

七、常用复数形式

1. headphones (耳机), trousers (裤子),sunglasses (太阳镜), scissors (剪刀), compasses (圆规)

2. noodles, vegetables, snacks小吃, 快餐,

3. make friends with 与...交朋友,in high/low spirits (情绪高涨/低落), have sports (进行体育活动)。

4. congratulations (祝贺)。

5. celebrations (庆祝),

八、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化

1. succeed—success成功

2. pronounce—pronunciation 发音

3. explain—explanation解释

4. decide—decision 决定

5. enter—entrance进入

6. permit—permission 允许

7. refuse—refusal 拒绝

8. consider—consideration 考虑

9. discover—discovery 发现

10. bury—burial 埋葬

11. conclude—conclusion 得出结论

12. arrive—arrival 到达

13. weigh—weight 重量

14.press--pressure压力

九、注意去不去e

possible—possibly 可能的 argue—argument judge—judgment

value—valuable courage—courageous

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★ 高考英语语法填空进行时态知识点与必记的单词

★ 高考英语语法填空考点总结

★ 英语高考语法填空《英语语法手册》知识点

★ 高考英语语法填空一般时态知识点与训练题

★ 高考英语语法填空动词知识点与语法填空题与答案

★ 高考英语语法填空副词知识点与练习题

★ 高考英语语法填空解题策略

★ 英语高考语法填空规律总结与练习题

★ 高考英语语法填空技巧整理

★ 高考英语语法填空比较级知识点与强化训练题

高考英语语法题目类型和分布重点

《高中英语语法-倒装用法归纳之一》由英语我整理,更多请访问:。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

倒装用法归纳之一

倒装是中学阶段的一个重要的语法知识点，也是高考命题热点之一。下面笔者就来谈谈它的用法。

一、完全倒装

完全倒装是把谓语动词完全置于主语前，其中主语必须是名词，若为代词则不倒装，这种结构中谓语部分无助动词（ be ，do ，have ）和情态动词，但可以有连系动词 be .须用完全倒装的情况有：

1. 当句首为副词 out ，in ，up ，down ，off ，here ，there 等，且主语为名词时，应用完全倒装。如：

In came the doctor. 医生进来了。

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

2. 当表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且主语为名词时，应用完全倒装。如：

On top of the hill stands a big pine tree.

山顶上耸立着一棵大松树。

Under the tree were some children.

树下有一些孩子。

3. 在 there be 结构中，there 为引导词，be 动词之后为句子的主语，属完全倒装，be 应与主语保持一致。除 be 以外，能与 there 连用的动词还有 seem ，exist ，happen ，appear ，live ，stand 等。如：

There were a lot of people in the park last Sunday.

上周日公园里有很多人。

Once there lived a king who was cruel to his people.

从前有一位对人民很残暴的国王。

4. 作表语的形容词、过去分词等较短，而主语相对比较长，为了保持句子平衡而将表语前置时，句子的主谓也应完全倒装。如：

Typical for China is the crosstalk show， in which two comedians entertain the audiences with words.

中国典型的艺术形式是相声，两名演员用言语来逗乐观众。

Gone are the days when we Chinese were looked down upon.

中国人民被歧视的日子已成为过去。

5. 某些表示祝愿的句子也可用完全倒装（或部分倒装）。如：

Long live the Chinese Communist Party of China！

中国***万岁！

May you succeed！

祝你成功！

二、部分倒装

部分倒装则是将助动词调到主语前，主语可以是名词也可以是代词。通常应使用部分倒装的情况有：

1. 当句首为否定或半否定词 never ，neither ，nor ，little ，seldom ，hardly ，scarcely ，in no way ，few ， not ，no 等时，应用部分倒装。如：

Seldom does he spend his time playing cards.

他很少花时间去玩扑克。

Never have I heard of that place before.

我以前从未听说过那个地方。

2. only 修饰时间、地点、方式、原因等状语时，应用部分倒装。如：

Only in this way can we solve the problem.

只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。

Only when you told me did I know her name.

直到你告诉我，我才知道她的名字。

注意：如果 only 修饰的不是状语，则句子不倒装。如：

Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.

只有李叔叔知道这件事是怎么发生的。

3. 表示对前者的陈述也适用后者时，肯定倒装用? so + 助动词／情态动词 + 后者?，否定倒装用? neither / nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 后者?。如：

He can speak English，so can I.

他会说英语，我也会。

If she doesn?t go there tomorrow，neither / nor will I.

如果她明天不去那儿，我也不去。

注意? so + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语?与? so + 主语 + 助动词 / 情态动词?的区别：

前者表示所说的主语和前面主语的情况一样，所谈到的是两个人或物，意为也是这样?；后者所谈为同一人或物，说话者表示同意前者的观点，意为?的确如此?。如：

? Li Lei likes sports. 李雷喜欢运动。

? So he does and so do I. 他的确喜欢，我也是的。

4. so 及? so + 形容词 / 副词?置于句首时，应用部分倒装。如：

So frightened was he that he didn?t dare move.

他如此惊慌以至不敢动弹。

So quietly did she speak that we could not hear a word.

她说话声音这么低，以至我们一个字也没听到。

5. such 及? such + 形容词 + 名词?置于句首时，应用部分倒装。如：

Such is Zhong Cheng， a kind and helpful student.

这就是仲成，一个善良、乐于助人的学生。

Such good players are they that they often win.

他们是好队员，所以他们经常获胜。

6. 由 not only ? but also ? 引起的并列句，若将 not only 置于句首时，该分句应部分倒装， but also 引导的分句不倒装。而由 neither ? nor ? 引起的并列句，两个分句都倒装。如：

Not only did he give me some advice，but also he lent me some money.

他不但给我提了建议，而且还借给了我一些钱。

Neither does he watch TV，nor does he see films in the evening.

他晚上既不看电视也不看**。

7. 由连接词 No sooner ? than ，Scarcely ? when ，Hardly ? when 引起的主从复合句，主句应倒装，从句不倒装。如：

No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.

他一上床就睡着了。

Hardly had I got into the classroom when it began to rain.

我刚一进教室天就下起雨来。

8. not until 引起的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应部分倒装。由 not until 引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主句应部分倒装，从句语序不变。如：

Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown.

直到 1998 年他才回到家乡。

Not until Father came back did we begin to have supper last night.

昨晚直到父亲回来，我们才开始吃晚饭。

注意：当 not until 引导的状语或状语从句用于强调句型时，句子的主语不倒装。如将上两句改为强调句应为：

It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown.

It was not until Father came back that we began to have supper last night.

9. 省略 if 的虚拟条件句，可将 were ，had ，should 提至主语前。如：

Were I you，I would go there tomorrow.

要是我是你，我明天就会去那儿。

Had you been there，you would have met the manager himself.

要是你去了那儿，你就会见到经理本人了。

10. 表示时间频率且有肯定意义的词语 often ，every day ，now and again 等置于句首用来强调时，应用部分倒装。如：

Often does he send me e-mails to greet me.

他经常给我发电子信件问候我。

三、主谓不倒装的倒装句

1. as / though 引起让步状语从句，可将表语或状语置于句首，但主谓不颠倒顺序。如：

Tired as / though he is，he is still working. 《高中英语语法-倒装用法归纳之一》由英语我整理,更多请访问: style="font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;border-left: 4px solid #a10d00;margin: 10px 0px 15px 0px;padding: 10px 0 10px 20px;background: #f1dada;">高考英语语法填空进行时态知识点与必记的单词

虚拟语气

1．虚拟语气的标准句式

2．标准句式与综错句式

3．条件句的省略倒装

4．虚拟语气的含蓄条件句

介词with, without, under, in, but for 等表示含蓄条件；

连词but, or, or else等表示含蓄条件；

副词otherwise, unfortunately等表示转折假设：

5．省略主句的虚拟语气结构if only

6．用于宾语从句的虚拟语气

that宾语从句需用（should）十动词原形表示虚拟的动词：

advise, recommend, propose, suggest, insist, move, urge, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require, maintain, prefer, desire, vote that不可以省略；should可以省略：

以上动词的同词根名词在that同位语从句和表语从句的谓语需用（should）十动词原形

如：

insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity

以上动词的同词根形容词及分词在that主语从句的谓语需用（should）十动词原形，如：

advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent; advised, arranged, commanded, demanded desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested; essential, important, natural, necessary, possible, proper, strange

7．用于目的状语从句的虚拟语气 in case; in fear that; lest

8．用于方式状语从句的虚拟语气

9．常用的虚拟语气句式

1) it is high time

2) would rather

3)情态动词完成式可以表示责备、推测语气；

倒 装

全部倒装与部分倒装：

1．否定词语置于句首

never, no, neither, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respects, in no sense, in no way, under no circumstances, by no means, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner, in vain

2. only十状语置于句首

only加副词：only then，only once

only加介词短语：only at that time，only in this way，only by doing

only加状语从句：only because, only when

3．not only……but also……置于句首

4．so……that……状语、表语置于句首

5．than引导的比较状语从句（可以）

6．表语＋系动词＋主语

7．存在句

8．as引导的方式状语从句（可以）

主谓一致

常出现在主谓部分倒装结构中；常出现在主语与谓语之间有定语从句或其他修饰结构的句子中；常出现关系代词作主语的定语从句中；

1．以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致

1学科名词2构词单复3专有名词

................................................

英语语法：高考英语定语从句的主要考

　时态(tense)是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式，在英语中有16种时态。我在这里整理了相关资料，希望能帮助到您。

　高考英语语法填空进行时态知识点

　进行时态

　过去将来进行时的墓本概念、形式和用法

　过去将来进行时(future-in-the-past continuous tense)表示在对过去某一时间而言的将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。

　1)过去将来进行时的形式由should be(第一人称)或wonld be(第二、三人称)加现在分词构成。美国英语一律用wonld。

　2)过去将来进行时的用法

　a)表示在过去的将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：

　He asked me what I should be doing at ten the next day.他问我第二天十点钟我将干什么。

　They said that they would be expecting us the next week.他们说他们下个星期等我们去。

　b)表示在过去某一时间之后即将或按计划进行的动作。如：

　He said he could not come because he would be haying a meeting.他说他不能来，因为要开会。

　一般时态与进行时态的区别

　一般时态与进行时态的主要区别有二：

　1)一般时态通常表示经常的动作或状态，而进行时态则表示在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行着的动作。如：

　We read newspapers every day.我们每天读报。

　She is now reading the newspaper.她现在正在读报。

　2)一般时态表示主语的固有特征、能力等，而进行时态则表示主语在某一时刻或某段时间内所进行的具体动作。如：

　He sings well.他唱得很好。

　He is singing a folk song.他在唱一首民歌。

　[注] 并不是所有的动词都能用进行时态，例如表达状态、感情和感觉的某些动词，通常只能用一般时态而不能用进行时态，例如"know"(知道)一般就不能用进行时态。这类动词还有be(是)，have(有)，1ove (爱)，hate(恨)，want(想要)，1ike(喜欢)，think(认为)，believe(相信)，see(看见)，hear(听见)等。

　现在进行时的基本概念

　1)现在进行时表示此时此刻(说话人说话时)正在进行的动作，它并不表明这一动作从什么时候开始，到什么时候结束。汉语常用"(正)在"或"着"来表示这种时间关系。如：

　What are you doing?

　-I'm doing some washing.你在干什么?--我在洗衣服。

　Look! It is snowing.瞧!下着雪哩。

　She is drawing a map.她在画一张地图。

　Are they listening to the music?

　-NO，they are listening to the radio.他们在听音乐吗?--不，他们在听收音机。

　2)现在进行时可表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，虽然此时此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。如：

　He is working on a paper.他在写一篇论文。

　They are compiling a dictionary.他们在编一本词典。

　3)现在进行时有时可表示将来发生的动作，有"意图"或"打算"的含义(用于go，come，stay，1eave，start等表示移动的动词)。如：

　He is corning to see you tomorrow.他明天要来看你。

　They are going to the Ming tombs this coming Sunday.这个星期天他们要到十三陵去。

　They are taking the children to the zoo on Sunday.他们星期天要带孩子们去动物园。

　What are you doing next Sunday? I'm going on a picnic with my wife and daughter.这个星期天你要干什么?我要和妻子和女儿去野餐。

　过去进行时的基本概念

　过去进行时(past continuous tense)表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：

　I was practicing the violin at eight o'clock yesterday evening. 昨晚八点钟我正在练习小提琴。

　When Walter arrived home，his sister was doing her homework.沃尔特到家时，他妹妹正在做作业。

　Pat was watching TV all evening. 帕特整个晚上都在看电视。

　过去进行时的形式

　过去进行时由was(第一、三人称单数)或were (其余各人称和数)加现在分词所构成。

　过去进行时的基本用法

　表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，这一特定的时间往往须用时间状语来表示。如：

　She was reading an English magazine when I came in.我进来时她在看一本英文杂志。

　It was getting dark.天黑了。

　They were working all day yesterday.他们昨天整天工作。

　We were cleaning the auditorium from 7 to 9 last night.昨晚七点到九点我们在打扫大礼堂。

　I met him when he was crossing the street.他过街时我碰见他。

　过去进行时的其他用法

　1)表示移动的动词go，come，start，stay，leave等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将来发生的动作。如：

　They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai. 他们想知道我们什么时候到上海去。

　She asked whether he was starting then ext day.她问他是否第二天就动身。

　2)动词go的过去进行时态加动词不定式，可以表示在过去某一时间之后将要发生的动作。(比较8.24的3)如：

　They said they were going to set up a nursery.他们说他们要设立一个托儿所。

　She said the foreign guests were going to visit the Shanghai in dustrial Exhibition.她说外宾要去参观上海工业展览会。

　The monitor announced that our new teacher was going to speak to us.班长宣布新老师要跟我们讲话。

　3)过去进行时可用来描写故事发生的背景。如：

　It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the riverbank. it was Xier. She had just escaped from Huang Shiren's house.那是一个漆黑的夜晚。风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大。一个年轻妇女突然出现在河岸上。这就是喜儿。她刚从黄世仁的家里逃了出来。

　过去一般时与过去进行时用法比较

　过去一般时通常表示过去发生的一个单纯的事实，而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景。试比较：

　We built a bridge last winter.去冬我们修了一座桥。(意即去冬我们做了这件事，桥已经修好了。)

　We were building a hydro-electric station last winter.去冬我们在修水电站。(意即去冬我们一直在修水电站，修完与否不详)

　I wrote a letter home last night. 昨晚我写了一封家信。(意即)昨晚我做了这件事，信写完了。)

　I was writing a letter to my pen friend in America last night. 昨晚我在给我的美国笔友写信。(意即昨晚我一直在写信，不一定写完)

　语法填空识记单词

　1. appear：v.出现 ? (appearance)n.外貌;出现

　2. give - gave - given 给

　3. think - thought - thought 认为

　thought：n.思想，想法?(thoughtful)adj.深思的;体贴的

　4. leave - left - (left)留下

　5. close：adj.近的 ? (closely) adv.近

　6. tradition：n.传统 ? (traditional) adj.传统的

　nutrition：n.营养 ? (nutritional) adj.有营养的

　nature：n.自然 ? (natural) adj. 自然的

　person：n.个人 ? (personal) adj.个人的?(personally)adv.就个人而言

　7. happy：adj.高兴的 ? (happiness) n.幸福 ? (happier) adj.更高兴的 ?(happier为happy的比较级，be happy with ... 对...满意)

　8. color：n.颜色，彩色 ? (colorful) adj.彩色的

　care：n.护理 ? (careful) adj.小心的 ? (carefully) adv. 小心

　use：n.用处 ? (useful)adj.有用的

　wonder：v.想知道;n.奇迹 ? (wonderful)adj.精彩的? (wonderfully) adv.极好地

　9. luck：n.运气 ?(lucky)adj.幸运的 ? (luckily) adv.幸运的是 ? (unluckily) adv.不幸运的是(but提示)

　10. fortune：n.运气 ? (fortunately) adv.幸运的是 ?(misfortune)n.不幸

　? (unfortunately) adv.不幸运的是(but提示)

　11. eat：v.吃 ? (eating)(为eat的动名词) n.吃? eat - ate - eaten

　12. call：v.把...称为 ? (called) (为call的过去分词)

　13. grow - grew - grown 生长 ? (growth) n.生长

　14. especial：adj.尤其的，特殊的 ? (especially) adv.尤其

　15. sell - (sold) 卖; buy - (bought) 买

　16. main：adj.主要的 ? (mainly) adv.主要

　17. educate：v.教育 ? (education) n.教育

　18. feel - (felt) 感到;fall - (fell) 落下

　19. practice：v./n.练习 ? (practically) adv. 实际上

　20. recover：v.恢复 ? (recovery) n.痊愈

　21. survive：v.幸存 ? (survival)n.幸存 ? (survivor)n.幸存者

　22. understand - understood - understood 理解 ? (misunderstand) 误解

　23.(responsible) adj.有责任感的 ? (responsibility)n.责任感 ? be responsible for 对...负责

　24. able：adj.有能力的 ? (ability) n.能力

　25. honest：adj.诚实的 ? (honestly) adv.诚实地 ?(honesty)n.诚实

　26. fool：v.愚弄;n.傻瓜 ? (foolish) adj.愚蠢的

　27. dead：adj.死的 ? (deadly) adj. 致命的

　28. tell - told - told 告诉;sell - (sold)

　29. avail：v.有益 ? (available) adj.可利用的

　reason：n.原因 ? (reasonable) adj. 合情合理的

　30. please：v.使...高兴;请 ? (pleased)adj. 高兴的 ? (pleasure) n.愉悦 ?(pleasant)adj.令人愉快的

　31. accept：v.接受 ? (acceptance) n.认可，接受

　32. win - won 赢;differ：v.不同 - (different) adj.不同的

　33. break - broke - broken 打碎

　34. wear - (wore) - worn 穿

　tear - (tore) - torn：v.撕破;流泪 n.眼泪

　35. loss：n.损失 ? lose：v.丢失;迷失 ? lost：adj.迷路的;丢失的

　36. wood：n.木材 ? (woody) adj.木质的

　37. regular：adj.有规律的，定期的 ? (regularly) adv.定期

　38. possible：adj.可能的 ? (possibly) adv.可能地

　probable：adj.可能的 ? (probably) adv.可能地

　terrible：adj.可怕的 ? (terribly) adv.可怕地

　simple：adj.简单的 ? (simply) adv.简直;简单地

　39. surprise：n.惊喜;v.使吃惊 ? (surprisingly) adv.惊人地

　increase：v.增加 ? (increasingly) adv. 日益增加地

　40. actual：adj.实际的 ? (actually) adv.实际上

　41. sudden：adj.突然的 ? (suddenly) adv.突然

　42. fall- (fell) - fallen 落下

　43. build - built - (built) 修建 (rebuild：v.重建)

　44. slow：adj.慢的;v.减慢 ? (slowly) adv.慢地

　45. blood：n.血液 ? (bleed) v.流血

　46. effect：n.效果 ? (affect) v.影响

　have an effect on sb 对...有影响

　47. perform：v.表演 ? (performer) n.表演者 ? performance n.表演

　48. decide：v.决定 ? (decision) n.决定

　49. contribute：v.贡献 ? (contribution)n.奉献(to)

　50. develop：v.发展 ? (development)n.发展(with)

　51. assist：v.帮助 ? (assistant)n.助手

　52. arrive：v.到达 ? (arrival)n.到达

上海高考英语语法重点有哪些

考点一 考查关系代词whose引导的定语从句

　1. A person ________ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. (天津卷)

　A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever

　解析C。在所给的四个关系代词中，只有whose能用于名词用作定语，故选C。又如：A bookseller is a person whose job is selling books. 书商就是其职业是卖书的人。

　2. Many children, ________ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. (安徽卷)

　A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom

　解析B。their是物主代词，不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句，所以不能选;在其余三个选项中，只有whose能用于名词用作定语，故选B。句意为：许多孩子的父母外出到大城市打工去了，他们在家乡被照顾得很好。

　3. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (湖南卷)

　A. which B. of which C. that D. whose

　解析D。在所给定的四个关系代词中，只有which和whose能用于名词用作定语，故可排除B和C。而关系代词which和whose用于名词前作定语的区别是：which具有that或this的语义特征，而whose则具有one’s的语义特征。

　考点二 考查关系代词which引导的定语从句

　1. They’ve won their last three matches, ________ I find a bit surprising. (辽宁卷)

　A. that B. when C. what D. which

　解析D。that不用于引导非限制性定语从句，故被排除;when可引导非限制性定语从句，但只用于指时间，与句意不符，故也被排除;而what不是关系代词，不能用于引导定语从句，故也被排除;which在此引导非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中充当动词find的宾语。句意为：他们赢了最后三场比赛，我发现这有点令人吃惊。

　2. My friend showed me round the town, ________ was very kind of him. (全国Ⅱ)

　A. which B. that C. where D. it

　解析A。由于两个句子之间没有并列连词，所以不能选B或D;而where是关系副词，不能用作主语;which在此引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中用作主语。又如：Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。

　3. Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (山东卷)

　A. who B. which C. when D. that

　解析B。that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句，故可排除;when是关系副词，不用作主语，故也可排除;who用于指人，但这里的定语从句不是修饰her，而是修饰whenever I met her，故不能用who，此处应用which。又如：He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他说他从没见到过她，这是不真实的。

高考英语语法:高中英语语法-英语写作词语选择的要点

主谓一致、冠词、代词、连词、介词、动词短语、情态动词、时态语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、动词、从句、交际用语。

语法不好的话，建议做专项。从高考的题目分析，考察代词、时态语态、非谓语动词、连词、从句 的题相对较多。

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英语写作词语选择的要点

1．词语选择的重要性

在The Right Word at the Right Time的?序言?中，编者对词语选用的重要性作了一个很好的比喻：?Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion：it is a courtesy to others，and a favor to yourself-a matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world.?

显然，说话或写文章时用词适当比穿着适当难度大得多，因而也具有更大的重要性。

在我国，古人写文章时常为一个词语的选用具思苦想，因而有?语不惊人死不休?的说法。

成语?一字值千金?也说明了选择词语的极端重要性。有时?一字之差?造成令人遗憾的败笔，或招致成千上万的经济损失。这些反面的教训也告诉我们必须重视词语选用的问题。

2．词语选择的可能性

实际上，我们每个人的脑子里都有了一个或大或小的词库，只要我们肯去发掘，往往可以得到更好的表达方式。这是我们做好词语选用的主观条件。

从客观条件广看，我们有各种类型的词典和参考书，只要我们平时多翻译、多阅读，写作时勤查考，就会在词语选用上不断进步。当然，一部好词典也不会毫无缺点，更难以面面俱到，因此在这里我们应牢牢记住著名英国作家、评论家和辞书编纂家Johson的话：

Dictionaries are like watches：the worst is better than none，and the best cannot be expected to go quite true.

3．词语选择的三项标准

关于择语标准，人们说法不一，但准确、鲜明、生动三项原则是公认的。当然，某词语用得是否符合要求，不可孤立地从词语本身的含义上着眼，还要看其具体使用场合，包括同其他词语搭配等。

1）择语的准确性

准确性，就是要根据使用场合选用确切的语言形式，正如有句英语俗语所言：

Do not write so that your words may be undetstood，but write so that your words must be understood.

著名美国作家马克?吐温说：?用词准确与用词几乎准确，这两者之间的差异就如闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。?（The difference between the right word and the almost-right word is as great as that between lighting and the lighting bug．）

为了择语准确，必须熟悉词语的多义性。例如depression对心理学家、经济学家或地质学家来说，含义各不相同：

He is in a state of deep depression as a result of his setback latest experiment.

The depression first hit almost all the small and medium-sized enterprises.

Transportation was at a standstill caused by the depressions in the highways after the earthquake in that area.

反之，也常常有几个词语可以表示类似的含义，如心理学上的?depression?也能用melancholia，the blues，the dismal in the dumps，low等词语表示。

要做到准确选择，有必要注意词语的两种意义：?基本意义?（denotation）和?引申意义?（connotation）。前者指该词语的本身，或客观的固有含义，后者指该词语在一定搭配或上下句中出现的其他意义，往往比较含蓄，带有词语使用者的主观态度或感彩。如inexpensive和cheap都表示便宜的基本意思，如顾客问营业员：?May I have some thing cheaper？?意思是希望要价钱便宜一点的，当然并不是说质量可以不好，但cheap在其他句式或使用场合可引出?低劣?、?平庸?、?吝啬?、?卑鄙?等多种意思，这类意思正是修辞上的?敏感地带?。

选用词语的准确性还表现在区分表示大体/抽象含义的词语和表示具体/特定含义的词语上，需要根据不同的使用场合做出正确的选择。抽象含义词语和具体含义词语不是两个对立的家族，在一定的条件下可以转化，如

labor一词通常带抽象含义，但并非一成不变。试比较：

A）Honest labor creates wealth for the society.

B）In the GM contract dispute，labor seeks a five-cent per hour wage increase.

上述A句中labor一词为抽象含义，泛指各种社会劳动，B句中labor为具体含义，特指WAW，即美国汽车、飞机、农业机械工人联合会。

2）择语的鲜明度

准确性是鲜明度的前提，也是提高鲜明度的基础。然而，鲜明与简练相关。英国文豪莎士比亚的名言?Brevity is the soul of wit?相当于汉语的?言贵简洁?。我们说话、写文章都要以?言简意赅?四字为目标，为此，应从两个方面加以注意：

A．在可以运用较简短的常见词语表达意思时不要用复杂而少的词语，如：do something for（不用perform，accomplish），用end／finish a letter （不用terminate，conclude）。

B．多余的或转弯抹角的词语都不利于明白地表达思想，因而下列短语中加括号的部分都应省去：

mutual aid（to each other）（mutual）aid to each other，（an entirely）complete confidence，repeat the question（again），return（back） from abroad，etc．

3）择语的生动感

生动感也可以叫做优美感（gracefulness），它是建筑在准确性和鲜明度的基础上的，否则，单纯追求生动或优雅，就会出现辞藻华丽（flowery）而内容空洞的文风，这是应当避免的。

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