定语从句高考讲解_定语从句高考考点归纳

1.定语从句高考句子

2.什么是定语从句

3.定语从句和宾语从句的知识梳理

4.如何学习定语从句

5.定语从句中关系代词as的用法

6.高考题型中定语从句 名词性从句 如何区分

答如下：

1. 宾语从句置于及物动词或介词之后，作动词或介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有连接词(that, if, whether) 、连接代词(what , which, who, whom, whose等)和连接副词how, when, where, why等)。例如：

I know that he is ill.

Can you tell me where he lives?

I wonder if / whether he will go.

We don't know whose wallet it is.

Tom is interested in what you said.

注意：that或if从句通常不作介词的宾语(except除外)。例如：

I am not sure about whether (不用if) he will go.

The house is beautiful except that it is a little small.

2. 定语从句置于所修饰的名词或代词之后 ，它在句中用来作定语，修饰前面的名词。被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词有关系代词(that , which,who, whom, whose等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)。关系代词指代前面的名词，在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语和定语; 关系副词在定语从句中可以作状语，表示时间、原因、地点等。

I know the man who / that is standing there.

The novel which / that you bought is fun.

That is the house where he lived in.

I will never forget the day when I

定语从句高考句子

which与as引导非限制性定语从句的异同

一、相同点

两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。

The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted.

He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner.

二、不同点

1. as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。

As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.

Air, as we know, is gas.

2.在非限制性从句中，which后的be动词不可省；as而后的be动词可以省略。

She told me she won the match, which was a lie.

The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure.

3. which在非限制性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行为动词。

He saw the girl, which delighted him.

He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange.

4. as常用“正如”含义，常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）；as often hens（正如常发生的那样）；as is often the case（情况常常如此）; as we all can see（正如我们看到的）; be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/

reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。

As is known to all, China is a developing country.

Kate was late for school, as often hened.

5. 在非限制性定语从句中which指代主句中某一个单词时，as不可以。

My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well.

Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital.

6. “介词+关系代词（介宾代物）”中关系代词只能用which。

The Trel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches.

Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent.

7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which。

He can write a letter in English, which I can not.

Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not

8.在非限制性定语从句关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时，常用which

He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue.

什么是定语从句

介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club？

先行词和关系词二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.

(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they he to send their son to technical school.

(what 可以用all that代替)

as， which 非限定性定语从句

由as， which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know， smoking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth， which is very important to us.

典型例题

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss， ___came as a surprise.

A. it　 B. that　 C. whichD. he

答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good， ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday， ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that　B. whichC. as　 D. it

答案B.

as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。

As 的用法

例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构， 和……一样……。

I he got into the same trouble as he (has).

例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。

As we know， smoking is harmful to one's health.

As is know， smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

关系代词that 的用法

1）不用that的情况

a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)　The tree， that is four hundred years old， is very famous here.

b) 介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a)　在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b)　在不定代词，如：anything， nothing， the one， all， much， few， any， little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c)　先行词有the only， the very修饰时，只用that。

d)　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.

e)　先行词既有人，又有物时。

举例：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally， the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

难点分析

（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything， everything， nothing (something 除外)， few， all， none， little， some等代词时，或者是由every， any， all， some， no， little， few， much等修饰时

(1) He you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said？

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

(3) All that can be done has been done.

(4) There is little that I can do for you.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1) This is the best film that I he seen.

4. 当形容词被the very， the only 修饰时

(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy，

(2) After the fire in his house， the old car is the only thing that he owned.

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/

5. 当先行词前面有who， which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there？

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most？

6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we he learned？

（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

(1) He married her， as/which was natural.

(2) He was honest， as/which we can see.

2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

(1) As is known to all， China is a developing country.

(2) He is from the south， as we can see from his accent.

(3) John， as you know， is a famous writer.

(4) He has been to Paris more than several times， which I don’t believe.

注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

(5) Tom was always late for school， which made his teacher angry.

3. 当先行次受such， the same修饰时，常用as

(1) I he never heard such a story as he tells.

(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.

(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.

注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which， that引导，而且通常可以省略。

(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.

(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )

(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系

(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句

(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句

2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when， where， how， why， whether， what等词引导，充当成分

(1) The news he told me is true.

(2) The news that he has just died is true.

(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语

(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.

3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以

(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语

(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.

(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.

定语从句和宾语从句的知识梳理

四定语从句：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

由于在句中的作用相当于形容词，故也称为形容词性从句。

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。

非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。

一.限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。

1.由关系代词引导定语从句：关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）

1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。

e.g. The classroom that is on the fourth floor is poorly equipped.

2. 关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略。

e.g. This is the girl with whom he works.

In this earthquake, the number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000.

I he many good friends to whom I am going to send postcards.

You’re the only person whose advice he might listen to.

The river which runs through the center of the city brings us a lot of pleasure.

He has given us as much advice as he can.

例The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.

例The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.

例He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.

例It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.

例The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.

The man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.

例The service (which/that) the students complain about a lot should be improved.

He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.

例It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.

例The chair (which/that) he is sitting on now is made of wood.

有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：

例He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for.

例The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 3

知识点5

注意复杂介词短语+which或whom引导的定语从句，是高考考查热点。

例They finally climbed up the mountain, on top of which many strange birds were seen.

例Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, in front of whom sit three students.

不定代词+of+ which/ whom 引导的定语从句可化为of+ which/ whom+ 不定代词 结构；这也是高考常考点。其中用到的不定代词有some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one, 等等。

例There are 40 students in our class, most of whom（=of whom most）like English.

例These are books written by Mark Twain, one of which（=of which one）was read to me by my father

例She has two sons, neither of whom（=of whom neither）is a teacher.

例She has many books, none of which(=of which none) is interesting.

关系代词whose+名词 引导的定语从句可转化为 the+名词+of+ which / whom 或 of+ which/whom+ the +名词结构；of 表所属关系。

例I live in a room whose windows are all broken.

=I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.

= I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.

例This is my teacher whose handwriting is excellent.

= This is my teacher the handwriting of whom is excellent.

= This is my teacher of whom the handwriting is excellent.

由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，当主从句主语一致时，定语从句可缩略为：介词+ which/whom+ to do 结构。

例I he a small room in which I live in.

=I he a small room in which to live.

=I he a small room to live in.

例He has a good friend to whom he can turn for help.

=He has a good friend to whom to turn for help.

=He has a good friend to turn to for help.

介词后不一定只能接关系代词，可能会接关系副词，主要取决于介词及句子意思。

例He used to live in London, from where he came from.

例He graduated from Beijing University in 1988, since when he has improved himself in all aspects.

4. 只用that，不用which的情况：

a. 当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；

b. 当先行词前有the only, the very, the last等词修饰时；

c. 当先行词为anything, nothing, something, everything, all, little, much等不定代词修饰时；

d. 当先行词前有all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等词修饰时；

e. It is 句型中的引导定语从句时。

只用which，不用that的情况：

a. 引导非限制性定语从句时；

b. 引导词前有介词时；

c. 一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；

e.g. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.

. 当those作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导；

7. as 从句的先行词是the same, such, 或被他们所修饰；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。

e.g. Many of the sports are the same as they were when they started.

The result was not such as he expected.

It was raining hard, which(as) was unexpected.

8. 介词+关系代词要根据

a. 谓语动词的固定搭配 e.g. This is the evidence with which the case is connected.

b. 先行词 e.g. I’ll never forget the day on which\when I joined the party.

. 句子表达的意思 e.g. The boss in whose department Mr King worked got sacked.

d. 在非限制性定语从句中，名词\代词+of+which\whom表示整体与部分的关系

e.g. The workers, some of whom stayed for four years, came from different countries.

e. 介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前，有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上。

e.g. We did it in the same way in which he did\which he did in.

That 作为关联词可以当作关系副词用

e.g. This is the house in which Louis XIII lived.

This is the house that Louis XIII lived.

This is the house where Louis XIII lived.

This is house which Louis XIII lived in.

This is the house Louis XIII lived in.　

My brother who is very clever studies chemistry all by himself.

使用定语从句勿滥！可以使用单个形容词，或较短的非谓语动词结构的，尽量使用简略些的方式。使句子读起来更顺口！

Potato can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.

I don’t like the way (that) you treat us.

1. of表示同位关系：即用于在A+of+B结构，其中的A和B为同位关系。如：

Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week. 她的两个儿子，都在国外工作，他们每周都给她打电话来。

He has three daughters and three of ______ all graduated from BejingUniversity

A. them ; B whom; C whose ; D that

He has three daughter , three of _______all graduated fromBejingUniversity

A. them ; B whom; C whose ; D that

We’ve tested three hundred types of boots, none of which is completely waterproof. 我们已经测试过300种靴子，没有一种是完全防水的。

2. of表示整体与部分的关系：即用于“部分+of+整体(which, whom)”结构。如：

He went with a group of people, few of whom were correctly equipped for such a climb. 他和一队人一起去了，其中没有几个人配有进行这样一次登山的适当装备。

The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。

I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students. 我遇到了摘水果的人们，其中有几个人是大学生。

3. of表示所属关系：即of用于构成所有格。如：

He’s written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我给忘了。

The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired. 那幢屋顶被损坏的房子现在已经修好了。

4. of与其他的词构成固定搭配：即of与从句中的某个词语构成固定搭配。如：

He’s married to a singer of whom you may he heard. 他与一位歌唱家结了婚，你可能听说过这个人。(介词of与动词hear构成固定搭配，意为“听说”)

注意：介词of后面除接关系代词which, whom外，有时也可能是whose。如：

She had a teddy-bear, both of whose eyes were missing. 她有一个玩具熊，它的两只眼睛都丢了。

which特殊用法

大家都知道which引导定语从句时，在从句中主要作主语和宾语，若要作定语时，一般要用whose引导。

一般用法：

which作主语：Did you see the letter which came today? 你看到今天来的那封信了吗？

which作宾语：This is the book which I told you about. 这就是我跟你说过的那本书。

whose作定语：We looked at the tower whose spire was golden. 我们望着塔尖是金**的那座塔。(= We looked at the tower the spire of which was golden.)

典型题：The latest model of this lap-top, ______ earance remains unchanged, works much faster than the old one. （潍坊市二轮验收）

A. though B. which C. of which D. whose

答案：D。考查非限制性定语从句。引导词在从句中作定语，因此选whose。

The latest model of this lap-top, whose earance remains unchanged, works much faster than the old one.= The latest model of this lap-top, the earance of which remains unchanged, works much faster than the old one.

which特殊用法1：

※但有时which也可作定语，这种情况很特殊，要特别关注。

I may he to go into hospital, in which case I won't be going on holiday.

我可能要住院，如果那样我就不去度了。

She may he missed the train, in which case she won’t arrive for another hour.

她可能没有赶上火车，那样再过一个小时她也到不了。

Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.

汤姆读了四年大学，在此期间他学了法语。

I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize.

我叫他叫错了名，我为此道歉。

典型题：She may he missed the train, ______ she won't arrive before 5 o'clock.

A. in that case B. in which case C. in case that D. in case which 答案：B。

which特殊用法2：※有时which引导定语从句，在从句中作表语。

Her sister has become a lawyer, ______she wanted to be.

A. who B. that C. what D. which

答案：D。本题考查which在定语从句中作表语的用法。（2005年高考湖北卷）考查定语从句与名词性从句。本题C项干扰最大。

※句中逗号前后是两个句子，这就要求填上一个词之后能使后边这个句子成为一个从句。根据句意，这是一个非限制性定语从句而不是名词性从句，因此C项what排除。若把题干改为：Her sister has become a lawyer. And that is she wanted to be.这时应选what。what可以引导名词性从句，但不能引导定语从句。

※关系代词which在这里引导非限定定语从句并在句中作表语，故选D。that则不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除B项。who可以引导非限制性定语从句，但先行词a lawyer在这里指的是一种职业，所以A项不对。

whose 与 of which 的区别

我们经常可以看到引导定语从句的关系代词 whose 与 of which 相互替代。那么是不

是在任何情况下二者都可以互相替换呢 ? 它们之间的区别是什么 ?

1 . 形式不同。如：

The house _______ windows face south is our reading - room .

A . of which B . whose C . which D . its

此题正确答案是B，不能选择A。选择 of which 时应在名词前加上定冠词 the，也就是说如果名词前有 the 就只能用 of which。如果名词前没有冠词，就用 whose。如上句题干改为：The house _______ the windows face south is our reading-room . 此题就只能选择答案A而不能选择B了。

2 . whose 即可以指人，又可以指物，而 of which 只能用来指物。如：

The boss in whose department looked down upon women .

The house whose roof was damaged now has been repaired .

上面第一句不可用 of which 来改写，第二句可以。可写成：The house of which the roof was damaged has now has been repaired .

3 . of which 除了可以表示所属关系外，还可以用来表示整体的关系，而 whose 则不能。

He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant .

InBarcelonathe Chinese team got 16 gold medals , of which 12 were won by women .

第一句中的 of which 就可以用 whose 来代替。因为这个句子中 of 是用来表示所属关系。可改写成：He borrowed a book whose author was a peasant。而第二句中的 of which 就不要用 whose 来替。因为这个句子中的 of 不是表示所属关系，而是表示整体与部分的关系。

4 . 引导非限制性定语从句多用 whose，而很少用表示所属关系的介词 of 加上关系代词 which。如：

There is a mysterious lake at the foot the hill , whose depth has never been

measured . 山脚下有个神秘的湖，其深度从未测量过。

如介词 of 不表示所属关系，而是用来表示整体与部分的关系。此时就经常引导非限制性定语从句了。如；

There are 102 elements found in nature , of which most are metals .

The stories about the Long march , of which this is one example , are well written .

如何学习定语从句

定语从句并联词有who, whom , which, that ,whose, when, where, why

定语从句：用来说明主句中某一个名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。

被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。

非限制性定语从句和主句关系十分密切，只对主句中的先行词作附加说明，如果去掉，主句仍然表达明确，完整的概念，它和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。宾语从句与其他名词性从句一样，也有三种类型：

1．由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词

that常可被省略。例如：Ihope(that)theywillhefun.Marysaidthatshefeltsleepy.Can’tyousee(that)I’mabird?

注意：1）当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时，宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：Idon’tthinkhewillcome.我认为他不会来。

2）两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：

Hetoldme(that)theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice.2.由从属连词if或

whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否（有，能，已经……）”等一般疑问句的含义。

例如：Iwonderwhether(if)heliveshere.

Theteacheraskedwhether(if)theyweregettingreadyfor

theEnglishEvening.如果要强调“究竟……还是不……”，常用连词whether引导宾语从句，后面再加ornot或直接在whether后加ornot。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如：I’dbeinterestedtoknowwhetherhewillseethefilm

“HouseofFlyingDaggers”ornot.=I’dbeinterestedtoknowwhetherornothewillsee

thefilm“HouseofFlyingDaggers”.3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句表示“谁，谁的，什么，哪（个，些），何时，何地，怎样，为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外，宾语从句用陈述句语序。

例如：Tomaskedwhocouldgivethemessagetohermother.

Doyouknowwhathesaid

justnow?Iwonderedhowoldhisbrotherwas.宾语从句的时态呼应：1．当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。

2．主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式；当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。

3．情态动词must一般不用于过去时，但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。

做宾语从句练习要记住“一连词，二语序，三时态”。

定语从句中关系代词as的用法

如何学习定语从句

定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如，a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，相当于形容词，在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等，绝对没有what;关系副词where, when, why,how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的某个成分。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1、由who, whom, that，Whose引导的从句

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略)，可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。

(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师

(4) The man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。

2、由which, that引导的从句

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如：

(1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before ears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)

(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwred. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)

注意： 代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用that而不用which：

a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;

b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时，这时的that常被省略;

c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;

d)先行词中既有人又有物时;

e)整个句中前面已有which，who,that时;

f)当先行词为物并作表语时;

g)先行词为one时;

h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语　 Shanghai is the city where I was born.

3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 ，用在reason 面。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

常见考法

对于定语从句的考查，多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下，常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查，重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。

典型例题：You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.

A. who B. whom C. whom D. who

解析：先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.

答案：D

误区提醒

当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时，要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词，反之用关系代词。

典型例题：I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when

解析：两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.

答案：A

高考题型中定语从句 名词性从句 如何区分

　定语从句是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句，这类从句除了可以做定语之外，还可以充当状语等其他成分，所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。下面为大家带来了定语从句中关系代词as的用法，欢迎大家参考！

　一、AS引导限制性定语从句。

　AS引导限制性定语从句时,通常和such,the same,as(so)等连用,构成such...as/such as,the same...as/the same as,as(so)...as等结构,在从句中可作主语,宾语和表语。

　1.such...as/such as意为“...的那种...,像那样的”，such...as/such

　as引导限制性定语从句时,既可指人,也可指物。such用于名词之前时,具有形容词性质;such单独使用(即后面不接名词)时,具有代词性质。

　Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face.(as作主语)

　不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。

　You should read only such books as you can understand without much difficulty.(as作宾语)

　你应当只读那些你读起来不太难懂的书。

　Associate with such as will improve your manners.(as作主语)

　要和能改善你的言行的那种人结交。

　2.the same...as/the same as意为“与...同样的”,和such一样,the same既有形容词作用,又有代词性质。

　We he arrived at the same conclusoin as they he.(as作宾语)

　我们已得出和他们同样的结论。

　比较:the same...as和the same...that不同,前者是“同那一个相似”,后者是“正是那一个”。如：

　This is the same watch as I lost.

　这同我丢的那块表一样。

　This is the same watch that I lost

　这正是我丢的那块表。

　3.as(so)...as意为“和...一样”,后接由many,much等修饰的名词或由形容词修饰的单数名词,注意其语序为as(so)+adj.+a+n+as,如：

　It’s as pleasant a film as I he ever seen.

　这是一部和我以往看的`同样好的**。

　As many soldiers as marched were killed.

　很多**的战士都被杀了。

　注意:such ...as与such...that ,so...as与 so...that的区别:

　that是连词,引出结果状语从句,在从句部分不作成分;as是关系代词,引出定语从句,在从句中可作主语,宾语和表语。比较:

　He is such a nice boy that everyone likes him.

　He is such a nice boy as everyone likes.

　It is so difficult a problem that nobody can work it out.

　It is so difficult a problem as nobody can workout.

　二、AS引导非限制性定语从句。

　AS引导非限制性定语从句时,通常指的不是主句中的某一个名词(先行词),而是指整个主句表达的内容,对主句所作的陈述进行附加说明,意为“这...,如...或正如...”。这种从句可位于主句之前,之中或之后。

　As we all know,hainan belongs to China.

　hainan,as we all know, belongs to China.

　hainan belongs to China,as we all know.

　注意下面的习惯用法:

　as is well discussed 正如已讨论过的

　as is often said 正如通常所说

　as is often the case 通常就是这样

　as has been pointed 正如所指出的那样

　as has been said before 如上所述

　as often hens 如同经常所发生的那样

　as might be expected正如所料

　as is well known to all众所周知

　在多数情况下,从句中的谓语助动词可以省略

　as explained before 如前面所解释的

　as mentioned above 如前面所提到的

　as shown in the figure 如图所示

　as seen from the table 从表中可以看出

　as already discussed 正如已讨论过的

　高考题精选：

　1.______is known to all,China will be an and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time.(1994上海)

　A.That;advancingB.This;advanced

　C.As;advanced D.It;advancing

　2.______is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.(1999上海)

　A.It B.As C.That D.Which

　3.These houses are sold at such a low price________people expected.

　A.likeB.as C.that D.which

　4.________is known to everybody, the moon trels round the earth once every month.(2001NMET)

　A.It B.As C.That D.What

　5.There at the door stood a girl about the same height __________.(2004北京春)

　A.as me B. as mine

　C.with mine D. with me

　6.__________is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.(2004北京)

　A. It B. As C. That D. What

　7._________is often the case, we he worked out the production

　plan.(2004江苏)

　A. Which B. When C. WhatD. As

　8._______I explained on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting.

　A.When B.AfterC.AsD.Since

　9.The Beatles,_________many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.

　A.what B.that C.how D.as

　Keys:CBBBABDCD

18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before ears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwred. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I he read three times, is very touching. 这本很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to he grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。