2017高考试卷答案_2017高考真卷答案

2017高考英语阅读理解训练附答案

　2017高考英语改革后实行一年两考，可多次参加，我认为对自己有信心的.同学可以早点参加，取得理想的成绩后就可以把学习重心放到其他科目上。为了帮助大家备考，我整理了一些高考英语阅读理解，希望能帮到大家!

　history

　If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we should probably have to say that we could not remember But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question.

　It is the same in history Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war.Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to Write.For example，we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4，000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them.But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa. because they had not learned to write. Sometimes.of course，even if the people cannot write，they may know something of the past.They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past.This we may call ?remembered history?.Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing.But where there are no written records，such spoken stories are often very helpful.

　41. Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?

　A.?Remembered history?，compared with written history，is less reliable

　B.Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history.

　C.A written account of our daily activities helps US to be able to answer many questions.

　D.Where there are no written records.there is no history.

　42.We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because

　A.there was nothing worth being written down at that time

　B .the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record

　C.the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire

　D.the people there did not know how to write

　43.?Remembered history?refers to

　A.history based on a person?s imagination

　B .stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth

　C .songs and dances about the most important events

　D .both B and C

　44.?Remembered history?is regarded as valuable only when

　A. it is written down

　B .no written account is available

　C.it proves to be time

　D.people are interested in it

　45 .The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had

　A.kept a written record of every past event

　B. not burnt their written records in wars

　C.told exact stories of the most important happenings

　D.made more songs and dances

　答案：DDDBA

　land produces

　Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs，its people are by now almost entirely an urban society Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林业)，and most of the rest live in or around towns，small and large.Here the traditional picture is changing：every small town may still be very like other small towns，and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country，but most Americans do not live in small towns any more.Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1arge cities with their suburbs、of more than a million people each?a larger proportion than in Germany or England，let alone France.The statistics(统计)of urban and rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day.As the rush to live out of town continues.rural areas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses，so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country becomes a suburb But more and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment.

　36.If now America has 250 million people.how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry?

　A.About 25 million.

　B.More than 25 million.

　C.Less than 25 million.

　D. Less than 225 million

　37.Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas?

　A.United States.

　B.Germany.

　C.France.

　D.England.

　38.What?s the meaning of the word?metropolitan?in the middle of the passage?

　A .Of a large city with its suburbs.

　B.Of small and large towns.

　C.Of urban areas.

　D.Of rural areas.

　39.According to the passage，what can we learn about small towns in the United States?

　A Most small towns become gradually crowded

　B.Small towns are still similar to each other.

　C.As the traditional picture is changing，towns are different.

　D .Small towns are turning into large cities

　40.Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb?

　A.Because they are the same.

　B.Because the rush takes place too quickly

　C.Because the process is gradual.

　D.Because more and more Americans live in metropolitan

　答案：CCABC

　president

　There are stories about two U.S . presidents，Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren，which attempt to explain the American English term OK.We don?t know if either story is true，but they are both interesting. The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little education.In fact，he had difficulty reading and writing.When important papers came to Jackson，he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said.If he approved of a paper.he would write?all correct?on it.The problem was that he didn?t know how to spell.So what he really wrote was?ol korekt?.After a while，he shortened that term to?OK?.

　The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born，Kinderhook，New York.Van Bnren?s friends organized a club to help him become President They caned the club the Old Kinderhook Club，and anyone who supported Van Buren was called?OK?.

　31.The author

　A. believes both of the stories

　B.doesn?t believe a word of the stories

　C is not sure whether the stories are true

　D. is telling the stories just for fun

　32. According to the passage，President Jackson

　A.couldn?t draw up any documents at all

　B. didn?t like to read important papers by himself

　C.often had his assistants sign documents for him

　D .wasn?t good at reading，writing or spelling

　33.According to the first story, the term ?OK?

　A. was approved of by President Jackson

　B.was the title of some Official documents

　C.was first used by President Jackson

　D.was an old way to spell?all correct

　34 .According to the second story，the termOK?

　A.was the short way to sayold Kinderhook Club?

　B.meant the place where President Van Buren was born

　C.was the name of Van Buren?s club

　D.was used to call Van Buren?s supporters in the election

　35.According to the second story.the term?OK?was first used

　A.by Van Buren

　B.in a presidential election

　C.to organize the Old Kinderhook Club

　D.by the members of theOld Kinderhook Club?

　答案：CDCDB

;

生物答案试题解析（参考版）

一、选择题

1．下列关于真核细胞中转录的叙述，错误的是

A．tRNA、rRNA和mRNA都从DNA转录而来

B．同一细胞中两种RNA和合成有可能同时发生

C．细胞中的RNA合成过程不会在细胞核外发生

D．转录出的RNA链与模板链的相应区域碱基互补

答案C

解析真核细胞的线粒体和叶绿体中也会发生RNA的合成。

2．下列与细胞相关的叙述，错误的是

A．动物体内的激素可以参与细胞间的信息传递

B．叶肉细胞中光合作用的暗反应发生在叶绿体基质中

C．癌细胞是动物体内具有自养能力并快速增殖的细胞

D．细胞凋亡是由基因决定的细胞自动结束生命的过程

答案C

解析癌细胞需要从它生存的环境中获取自身增殖所需要的营养物质，属于异养型。

3．植物光合作用的作用光谱是通过测量光合作用对不同波长光的反应（如O2的释放）来绘制的。下列叙述错误的是

A．类胡萝卜素在红光区吸收的光能可用于光反应中ATP的合成

B．叶绿素的吸收光谱可通过测量其对不同波长光的吸收值来绘制

C．光合作用的作用光谱也可用CO2的吸收速率随光波长的变化来表示

D．叶片在640~660nm波长光下释放O2是由叶绿素参与光合作用引起的

答案A

解析类胡萝卜素只能吸收蓝紫光。

4．若给人静脉注射一定量的0.9%NaCl溶液，则一段时间内会发生的生理现象是

A．机体血浆渗透压降低，排出相应量的水后恢复到注射前水平

B．机体血浆量增加，排出相应量的水后渗透压恢复到注射前水平

C．机体血浆量增加，排出相应量的NaCl和水后恢复到注射前水平

D．机体血浆渗透压上升，排出相应量的NaCl后恢复到注射前水平

答案C

解析正常情况下，水盐代谢要平衡，进多少出多少。

5．某陆生植物种群的个体数量减少，若用样方法调查其密度，下列做法合理的是

A．将样方内的个体进行标记后再计数

B．进行随机取样，适当扩大样方的面积

C．采用等距取样法，适当减少样方数量

D．采用五点取样法，适当缩小样方的面积

答案B

解析样方法都要做到随机取样；

由于个体数量少，应适当扩大样方面积。

6．下列有关基因型、性状和环境的叙述，错误的是

A．两个个体的身高不相同，二者的基因型可能相同，也可能不相同

B．某植物的绿色幼苗在黑暗中变成**，这种变化是由环境造成的

C．O型血夫妇的子代都是O型血，说明该性状是由遗传因素决定的

D．高茎豌豆的子代出现高茎和矮茎，说明该相对性状是由环境决定的

答案D

解析性状是由基因决定的，受环境影响。

三、非选择题：

29.（8分）

利用一定方法使细胞群体处于细胞周期的同一阶段，称为细胞周期同步化。以下是能够实现动物细胞周期同步化的三种方法。回答下列问题：

（1）DNA合成阻断法：在细胞处于对数生长期的培养液中添加适量的DNA合成可逆抑制剂，处于_____________期的细胞不受影响而继续细胞周期的运转，最终细胞会停滞在细胞周期的___________________期，以达到细胞周期同步化的目的。（2）秋水仙素阻断法：在细胞处于对数生长期的培养液中添加适量的秋水仙素，秋水仙素能够抑制_________________，使细胞周期被阻断，即可实现细胞周期同步化。经秋水仙素处理的细胞______________（填“会”或“不会”）被阻断在间期。

（3）血清饥饿法：培养液中缺少血清可以使细胞周期停滞在间期，以实现细胞周期同步化，分裂间期的特点是________________（答出1点即可）。

答案（1）分裂期分裂间

（2）着丝点分裂、纺锤体的形成，阻止染色体移向两极 不会

（3）相关蛋白的合成、染色体进行复制、细胞体积略有增大

解析（1）DNA复制发生在细胞分裂间期；

DNA合成被阻断后，分裂期不受影响，分裂间期受影响。（2）秋水仙素通过抑制纺锤丝的形成来使染色体数目加倍，而纺锤丝形成于有丝分裂前期；

经秋水仙素处理的细胞不会被阻断在间期。（3）分裂间期的特点是相关蛋白的合成、染色体进行复制、细胞体积略有增大。

30．（9分）

干旱可促进植物体内脱落酸（ABA）的合成，取正常水分条件下生长的某种植物的野生型和ABA缺失突变幼苗，进行适度干旱处理，测定一定时间内茎叶和根的生长量，结果如图所示：

回答下列问题：

（1）综合分析上图可知，干旱条件下，ABA对野生型幼苗的作用是_______。

（2）若给干旱处理的突变体幼苗施加适量的ABA，推测植物叶片的蒸腾速率会______，以对环境的变化作出反应。

（3）ABA有“逆境激素”之称，其在植物体中的主要合成部位有______（答出两点即可）。

（4）根系是植物吸收水分的主要器官。根细胞内水分的主要作用有________（答出两点即可）。

答案（1）抑制茎叶生长，促进根生长（2）增大（3）根冠、萎蔫的叶片

（4）作为化学反应的溶剂维持细胞渗透压提供反应的原料

解析（1）由图可以直接看出，与突变型（不能合成ABA）相比，野生型（能合成ABA）植株茎叶生长受到抑制，根的生长被促进。（2）施加ABA后，根生长加快，从土壤吸收水分增多，植物叶片的蒸腾速率会加快，以对环境的变化作出反应。（3）ABA主要在植物体的根冠、萎蔫的叶片中合成。（4）根细胞内水分的主要作用有作为化学反应的溶剂、维持细胞渗透压、提供反应的原料、组成细胞的结构。

31．（10分）

为研究胰岛素的生理作用，某同学将禁食一段时间的实验小鼠随机分为A、B、C、D四组，A组腹腔注射生理盐水，B、C、D三组均腹腔注射等量胰岛素溶液，一段时间后，B、C、D三组出现反应迟钝、嗜睡等症状，而A组未出现这些症状。回答下列问题：

（1）B、C、D三组出现上述症状的原因是________。

（2）B、C、D三组出现上述症状后进行第二次注射，给B组腹腔注射生理盐水；

为尽快缓解上述症状给C组注射某种激素、给D组注射某种营养物质。那么C组注射的激素是__________，D组注射的营养物质是__________。

（3）第二次注射后，C、D两组的症状得到缓解，缓解的机理分别是__________________。

答案（1）体内血糖含量下降

（2）胰高血糖素 葡萄糖

（3）C组：胰高血糖素促进非糖物质转化为糖类、促进肝糖原的分解；

D组：注射葡萄糖，使体内血糖升高。

解析（1）胰岛素是降血糖激素。（2）（3）胰高血糖素促进非糖物质转化为糖类、促进肝糖原的分解；

注射葡萄糖，使体内血糖升高。

32．（12分）

已知某种昆虫的有眼（A）与无眼（a）、正常刚毛（B）与小刚毛（b）、正常翅（E）与斑翅（e）这三对相对性状各受一对等位基因控制。现有三个纯合品系：①aaBBEE、②AAbbEE和③AABBee。假定不发生染色体变异和染色体交换，回答下列问题：

（1）若A/a、B/b、E/e这三对等位基因都位于常染色体上，请以上述品系为材料，设计实验来确定这三对等位基因是否分别位于三对染色体上。（要求：写出实验思路、预期实验结果、得出结论）

（2）假设A/a、B/b这两对等位基因都位X染色体上，请以上述品系为材料，设计实验对这一假设进行验证。（要求：写出实验思路、预期实验结果、得出结论）

答案（1）实验思路：让①和②杂交、①和③杂交、③和②杂交。得到的子一代自交

如果子二代中出现8种表现型就说明三对等位基因分别位于三对染色体上。

预期实验结果：子二代中有8种表现型（子二代中的表现型不是8种）

得出结论：三对等位基因分别位于三对染色体上（三对等位基因不是位于三对染色体上）

（2）实验思路，预期实验结果：：让①和②杂交，①为母本，②为父本。产生的所有雄性均表现为无眼刚毛正常翅膀。②为母本，①为父本。产生的所有雄性均表现为有眼小刚毛正常翅膀。

得出结论：A/a、B/b这两对等位基因都为为X染色体上

解析见答案。

37．[生物——选修1：生物技术实践]（15分）

绿色植物甲含有物质W，该物质为无色针状晶体，易溶于极性有机溶剂，难溶于水，且受热、受潮易分解。其提取流程为：植物甲→粉粹→加溶剂→振荡→收集提取液→活性炭处理→过滤去除活性炭→蒸馏（含回收溶剂）→重结晶→成品。回答下列问题：

（1）在提取物质W时，最好应选用的一种原料是___________________（填“高温烘干”“晾干”或“新鲜”）的植物甲，不宜选用其他两种的原因是____________。

（2）提取物质W时，振荡的作用是______________________。

（3）活性炭具有很强的吸附能力，在提取过程中，用活性炭处理提取液的目的是。

（4）现有丙酮（沸点56℃）、乙醇（沸点约78℃）两种溶剂，在提取物质W时，应选用丙酮作用提取剂，理由是___________。

（5）该实验操作过程中应注意的事项是_________________（答出两点即可）。

答案（1）晾干 物质W受热、受潮易分解

（2）使物质W完全溶于加溶剂

（3）吸收有机溶剂和水分

（4）其沸点相对较低，温度过高会导致物质W分解

（5）新鲜的植物含有大量的水分，在干燥时注意控制干燥时间，时间过长会导致物质W分解

解析属于对识记层次的考查，解析见答案。

38．[生物——选修3：现代生物科技专题]（15分）

编码蛋白甲的DNA序列（序列甲）由A、B、C、D、E五个片段组成，编码蛋白乙和丙的序列由序列甲的部分片段组成，如图1所示。

回答下列问题：

（1）先要通过基因工程的方法获得蛋白乙，若在启动子的下游直接接上编码蛋白乙的DNA序列（TTCGCTTCT……CAGGAAGGA），则所构建的表达载体转入宿主细胞后不能翻译出蛋白乙，原因是______________.

（2）某同学在用PCR技术获取DNA片段B或D的过程中，在PCR反应体系中加入了DNA聚合酶、引物等，还加入了序列甲作为_____________________，加入了________________作为合成DNA的原料。

（3）现通过基因工程方法获得了甲、乙、丙三种蛋白，要鉴定这三种蛋白是否具有刺激T淋巴细胞增殖的作用，某同学做了如下实验：将一定量的含T淋巴细胞的培养液平均分成四组，其中三组分别加入等量的蛋白甲、乙、丙，另一组作为对照，培养并定期检测T淋巴细胞浓度，结果如图2。

①由图2可知，当细胞浓度达到a时，添加蛋白乙的培养液中T淋巴细胞浓度不再增加，此时若要使T淋巴细胞继续增殖，可采用的方法是__________________。细胞培养过程中，培养箱中通常要维持一定的C2O浓度，C2O的作用是__________________。

②仅根据图、图2可知，上述甲、乙、丙三种蛋白中，若缺少______________（填“A”“B”“C”“D”或“E”）片段所编码的肽段，则会降低其刺激T淋巴细胞增殖的效果。

答案（1）因为在启动子的下游接上的编码蛋白乙的DNA序列，不能启动

（2）模板DNA 四种脱氧核苷酸

（3）细胞培养（传代培养）?维持培养箱中的pH

（4）C

解析属于对识记层次的考查，解析见答案。

化学试题答案解析

7．化学与生活密切相关。下列说法错误的是

A．PM2.5是指粒径不大于2.5μm的可吸入悬浮颗粒物

B．绿色化学要求从源头上消除或减少生产活动对环境的污染

C．燃煤中加入CaO可以减少酸雨的形成及温室气体的排放

D．天然气和液化石油气是我国目前推广使用的清洁燃料

参考答案C

参考解析CaCO3受热分解，燃煤中加入CaO不能减小温室气体CO2的排放，故选C。

8．下列说法正确的是

A．植物油氢化过程中发生了加成反应

B．淀粉和纤维素互为同分异构体

C．环己烷与苯可用酸性KMnO4溶液鉴别

D．水可以用来分离溴苯和苯的混合物

参考答案A

参考解析A.植物没氢化过程发生油脂与氢气的加成反应，故A正确；

B.淀粉和纤维素的聚合度不同，造成它们的分子式不同，所以不是同分异构体，故B错误；

C.环己烷与苯都不与酸性KMnO4溶液反应，所以不能用该方法鉴别环己烷与苯，故C错误；

D.溴苯与苯互溶，不能用水分离溴苯和苯的混合物，故D错误；

答案为A。

物理答案及解析