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高考情态动词考点_高考情态动词复习
tamoadmin 2024-06-18 人已围观
简介1.高考英语 情态动词2.谁知道高考大纲里的所有英语语法知识点呢?3.高考英语语法填空常填的虚词(介词、连词、冠词、代词、情态动词)有哪些,能帮我分类列举吗?4.求高考英语 谓语,非谓语,情态动词,虚拟语气,名词性从句,状语从句,特殊从句的用法,非常感谢!5.高考情态动词语法题《高中英语语法-need 与dare 的动词用法 (二)》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,
1.高考英语 情态动词
2.谁知道高考大纲里的所有英语语法知识点呢?
3.高考英语语法填空常填的虚词(介词、连词、冠词、代词、情态动词)有哪些,能帮我分类列举吗?
4.求高考英语 谓语,非谓语,情态动词,虚拟语气,名词性从句,状语从句,特殊从句的用法,非常感谢!
5.高考情态动词语法题
《高中英语语法-need 与dare 的动词用法 (二)》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。
need 与dare 的动词用法 (二)
4.Dare作实义动词和实义动词变化相同,有人称、数和时态的变化。
1) She dares to answer these questions.
2) We should dare to think , speak and do.
3) Do you dare to touch the snake?
4) She said she dared.
5) He never dare to come here.
6) You should do it if you dare.
7) She lied on the bed , not daring to make a noise.
8) I didn't know that how he dared to drive a car.
[示例]考题1No one ____ say that he could see the Emperor?s new
clothes.
A. dare B. Needs C. Dared to D. need to
解析根据提干要求表示过去的情况即那时没有人有胆量敢说他没看见皇帝的
新衣裳,因此应选C,因dare表示过去式是实义动词才合乎题意。
考题2You ____ bring many books back until next month.
A. need to B. Dare to C. Dare not D. needn?t
分析据题旨意,句子后用了until介词+时间的介词短语作时间状语,那么前
面的动词bring是终止性动词应使用否定式表示没必要,而dare not意为不敢,
不合题意,所以正确答案是D。
考题3Tom wanted me to play truant this afternoon with him ,
but I ____ do so.
A. dared not B. Didn?t dare to C. Not dare D. dare not
分析据该题意也是说过去的情况,在A项中dare作为情态动词不能用过去式,
C和D项均不合题意。答案B,是表示过去式,dare在这里作为实义动词前面
用助动词的过去,后面to 可以跟不定式,可断定适合题意,所以该题答案选B。
考题4Father sent me the book , so I ____ to him for it.
A. needn?t write B. Needn?t have written C. dare not write
D. dare not have written
分析据题意:父亲把书寄来了,我本没必要给他写信,但信已写了。所以该选
项的B答案,此答案needn?t接动词的完成式表示过去本来没必要做的事,而做
了,所以与该题达意。
习题
1. You must pay the money , but you ____ do so at once.
A. mustn?t B. Dare not C. Needn?t D. don?t need.
2. You ____ try it again.
A.. needn?t to B. Needs C. Needn?t D. didn?t need
3. I wonder if he ____ wait any longer.A. need B. Needs C. Need to
D. doesn?t need
4. She ____ kill the snake . She is afraid of it.
A. doesn?t dare B. Dares not to C. Dare not D. dare to
5. Being scolded by the teacher , the boy stood before him without
____ his head.
A. daring lift B. Daring to lift C. Daring lifting D. dare to
lift 《高中英语语法-need 与dare 的动词用法 (二)》由liuxue86.com我整理
高考英语 情态动词
你对于这道题上的理解错误在于语义,不是语法。诚与你所说should 有竟然的意思,但在这里语境是我的家乡在三月通常是温暖的,但是有时也会很冷。CAN有“有时也会”的意思。如:It can be quite windy there, especially in spring. 那里有时容易刮风, 特别在春季。
以下是can的所有用法:
style="font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;border-left: 4px solid #a10d00;margin: 10px 0px 15px 0px;padding: 10px 0 10px 20px;background: #f1dada;">谁知道高考大纲里的所有英语语法知识点呢?
too soon太早 太快
so soon这么快
much soon也很快
very soon很快, 立刻, 马上
if it is the best thing to do,it cannot be done too soon
如果这是最好的事,它不能做的太快
以上是我查找的翻译 我怀疑题目本身有问题 翻译读起来怪怪的。
高考英语语法填空常填的虚词(介词、连词、冠词、代词、情态动词)有哪些,能帮我分类列举吗?
给你发个超详细的,找来的.一非谓语动词
不定式
一)不定式的常考形式:
1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生
2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前
二不定式常考的考点:
1)不定式做定语----将要发生
2)不定式做状语----目的
3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;
+ doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调我见他正干活这个动作)
感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to
I 'd like to have John do it.
3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:
want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do,
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do
begin to do . start to do
五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; ;; be used to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中,want不太常用。
He needs (a lot of) encouraging.
二. 动名词: 具有动作性特征的名词
1)是名词 seeing is believing
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.
一)动名词的形式:
一般形式:I don't like you smoking.
完成形式:I regret not having taken your advice.
被动形式:This question is far from being settled.
二) 动名词常考的点
1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.
4)有些词后只能接动名词
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine;
另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法:
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...
5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式,意义截然不容。
I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)
I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)
forgot remember的用法类似。
I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…
I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。
try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.
try -ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去,但我父亲不让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
prefer的用法:
我宁愿在这里等。
3 分词:
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态
现在分词的形式:
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean(主任)? (与谓语动词同步发生)
2)完成形式:Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)
3)完成被动形式:Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)
过去分词
1) 过去分词表示被动:Fight no battle unprepared.
2)过去分词的进行形式:You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)
这三种非谓语动词,都可以构成复合结构,非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系--主动还是被动,往往就是考点。独立主格结构中,要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。
二:虚拟语气和情态动词
情态动词的基本用法及其区别
最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别,因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中,命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词,除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外,还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。
一、用"情态动词+have +done"结构表示对过去动作的推测,高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 "对立统一"来概括。
1.当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明,且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时,我们可用"统一"关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有:
must have done:
表示对过去动作的肯定推测,常译作"一定做了……",只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can't/couldn't have done?
疑问式为Can/Could...have done?
could /might have done:表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测,常译作"可能做了……"。如:
2.当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时,常借助"but, however, instead"等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符,这时我们就可以用"对立"关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有:
should have done / ought to have done:表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。
should not have done / ought not to have done:表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。
二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握,因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义,并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。
虚拟语气
最自然的虚拟状态:由should/would+原型时态(不含时间只含状态)
本质上是过去将来时:即,时间固定在过去将来,状态不同:一般、进行、完成、完成进行。
这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"(而现在却还没有……)
(本来可以……,本来能……)
一些常见的句型中,就会出现这种虚拟语气,而处于从句之中,should 常常被省略掉
suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;
demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;
require, request;
think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.
由于他们的含义中包含"建议,假设,应该"这类的含义,所以,由他们引起的从句中,就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。
这些动词(以及他们的名次形式,分词形式)引起的从句还有其他的变形
主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句
It's suggested that…
My suggestion is that…
The only suggestion that...
The only suggestion I can give you now is that…
一些形容词引起的表语从句中,也会有同样的情况
important; necessary; essential
It's natural ; strange; incredible that
由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should
表达与事实相反
1. 与现在相反:使用[过去时]:
I wish I were not here! (一般现在'一般过去)
Suppose we were not here.
He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在'一般过去)
Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行'过去进行)
If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成'过去完成)
What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行'过去完成进行)
常考句型:It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…
这两个从句,只能表达对现在的看法,所以,从句中只有一般过去时。
2. 与过去相反:过去完成时;
3. 与将来相反?将来的事情没有发生,所以只能推测且实现可能很小
I wish he could not smoke any more.
不过,由于可以用be to表示将来;所以,虚拟语气中经常出现were to;也是CET-4的常考语法点。
虚拟条件句
if 部分,做一个与事实相反的假设(所以只有一般过去和过去完成)
主句部分,这是表示基于这个假设的推测,一般使用情态动词would,少数情况下使用could/might/should。
注意:两个部分之间,是有逻辑关系,而在两部分的谓语动词时态上,没有必然的联系。
注意,虚拟条件句中的if可以省略,造成were/had提前,产生倒装。
隐含的非真实条件 :由特殊的词给出条件: with, without, in , but for, otherwise, or
How could I be happy without you? In his shoes, I would kill myself.
But for the storm, we would have arrived.
三、一致关系
一)主谓一致
1. 主谓一致(与插入语无关)
1主谓的分隔原则:主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。
2定语从句中的主谓一致:
3随前一致:
n. + together with n2
as well as
along with
accompanied with / by
4就近原则:n1 or n2 +v(就近原则)
either n1 or n2
5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)
不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)
例外:war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体
但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念,同一人,同一事的时候,谓语动词用单数,这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.
To love and to be loved is …
A lawyer and a teacher are…
A lawyer and teacher is …
6随后原则:not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)
7百分比结构:most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent
of+n1+v.(由n1决定
8倒装结构的主谓一致:
a)There be +n 由名词决定动词
b)Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构:
Among / Between …+系动词+n. (由名词决定动词)
9The+adj的主谓一致:
a)当表示一类人
b)当表示某一抽象概念时
The good is always attractive.
10 To do/doing/主从+vs
二)、倒装
1 全部倒装
是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:Up went the plane = the plane went up.
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
2) 表示运动方向的副词(back, down, off, up)或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
注意:1) 上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Here he comes. Away they went. 2) 谓语动词是be的时候,不能倒装。 Here it is. Here you are.
3) 形容词短语/分词短语位于句首,引起倒装 4) 表示地点范围的介词短语位于句首,谓语动词为系动词,一定引起倒装
In…(表语)+系动词+主,主同。
在倒装句型答案中不能出现there
常考介词要倒装:among between in at beneath
常考的系动词:be lie exist remain rest
部分倒装
1. 否定 adv 位于句首,引起倒装:not only, not until, hardly, scarcely,
seldom, rarely, no sooner…than
1) not until + 时间 + 主谓倒装,not until + 句子+主谓倒装
2) only+状语位于句首
only +ad. eg: recently
从句 eg: when clause
only一个词本身不倒装
3) 在比较级结构中,than后面可以倒装,也可以不倒装。
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1) Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定,产生倒装,一般主动词提前,谓语动词的其他部分就
4) as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。
as〔让步〕虽然,尽管〔词序倒装。语气比 though 强〕。
Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功,却不骄傲。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:A) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。B) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
5) 其他部分倒装
a) so… that 句型中的so; such… that句型中的such位于句首时,需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
b) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中:May you all be happy.
c) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.
四、复合句
从句可分为:
形容词性从句'定语从句
常考的关系代词:that; which; who/whom/whose; where; when; what; as。
常见的同位语从句现行词(that之前的抽象名词):fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding
常用的引导词
时间状语从句:while; when; before; whenever; as; after; till; until; since; once; ever since; as/so long as; as soon as; no sooner… than; hardly… when; scarcely/barely… when; the moment/minute/instant; on (the point of) doing…
定语从句:
which 引导的定语从句结构
1)which是关系代词,which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子,
在这个句子中,which要作成分,作主语或者宾语
2)in which+完整的句子
which在定语从句中作in的宾语,所以不能作后面句子的主语
3)名词+of which+谓语动词
of which来修饰名词,名词在定语从句中作主语,所以后面直接跟谓语动词
I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.
4)介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。
The key with which to open the door is lost.
5)定语从句的省略结构:
1. 如果that / which在定从中作 宾语,可以省略.
sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt
当做题时,若发现两个名词在一起,但是似乎连不上,则一定省略that /
which,则动词为vt,做谓语。
6)定从的特殊省略
the way (in which) + 句子
the reason (why that)+句子
I do remember the first time (that省) I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.
By the time省that+句子,句子。
7)定从的主系省略(主+系可同时省)
即:which be , who be , that be可同时省
状语从句省略结构
这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件:
第一、特定的状语从句引导词:although though even though when while if as
第二、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致;
第三、从句的谓语必须是be动词,主语和be动词同进同出,比如上面的they和are要么同时省略,要么同时保留。
求高考英语 谓语,非谓语,情态动词,虚拟语气,名词性从句,状语从句,特殊从句的用法,非常感谢!
介词:in , on , at 这三者可以表示时间介词也可以表示地点介词, 还有over , beside等。
连词:and , but , although , 通常连接两个句子的。
冠词: 不定冠词,a , an , 定冠词 the
代词: 分人和物,像he , her , i , you 都是代词,something, everything这些也是代词。
情态动词:
can 表示能力,must 表示必须, should 表示应该, 这些比较经常考。
有其他不懂得可以再追问我。
高考情态动词语法题
一个英语句子必需有一个主谓结够,谓语就是句子中的动词。根据具体的人称数量的变换谓语动词也要相应的变换。
非谓语就是当一个句子中已经有谓语了,你还要用一个动词,这是这个动词就只能用非谓语形式:ing(常用于表主动进行)和ed(用于被动和完成)
情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语
一、 can, could
1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)
Mary can speak three languages.(知识)
Can you skate?(技能)
此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) 表示请求和允许。
-----Can I go now?
----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him.
How can this be true?
二、 may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。
2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
1.He may /might be very busy now.
2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.
三、 must, have to
1) 表示必须、必要。
You must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。
1. he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.
2. I had to work when I was your age.
3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.
四、 dare, need
1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
1. How dare you say I’m unfair?
2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
1.You needn’t come so early.
2. ---- Need I finish the work today?
---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
1. I dare to swim across this river.
2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
3. He needs to finish his homework today.
五、 shall, should
1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening?
2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
3. He shall be punished.(威胁)
六、 will, would
1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。
Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。
1. I will never do that again.
2. They asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.
2. The wound would not heal.
4) 表示估计和猜想。
It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
七、 should, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。
1. I should help her because she is in trouble.
2. You ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。
1. You should / ought to go to class right away.
2. Should I open the window?
3) 表示推测
should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)
3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)
4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)
八、 情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)
1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。
1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虚拟语气)
2. He can’t have been to that town.(推测)
3. Can he have got the book?(推测)
2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)
表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。
1. He may not have finished the work .
2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.
3)must +不定式完成式(have done)
用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can,can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。
1. You must have seen the film Titanic.
2. He must have been to Shanghai.
4)should +不定式完成式(have done)
用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。
He should have finished the work by now。
表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。
1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)
2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.
5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)
表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
6) will +不定式完成式(have done)
主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。
He will have arrived by now.
虚拟
1、条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
时间
从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
将来
动词过去式(be用were)
should + 动词原形
were to + 动词原形
would / should / might / could + 动词原形
现在
动词过去式(be 用 were)
would / should / might / could + 动词原形
过去
had +动词过去分词
would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词
2. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为: should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。
(2) 在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为: can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如(from www.yygrammar.com):
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。
3. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如:
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他,
4、英语中,如:advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:(should) + 原形动词
5、
英语中,wish之后的宾语从句,表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为(from www.yygrammar.com):
表示所发生的时间
虚拟语气结构
发生在主句动作之前
(1)had + 过去分词;
(2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词
与主句动作同时发生
过去时(be 用were )
发生在主句动作之后
would / could / might / should + 原形动词
6、
英语中,would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
表示所发生的时间
虚拟语气结构
过去
had + 过去分词;
现在
过去时(be 用were )
将来
过去时(be 用were )
7、表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction,
order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,
wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时,表语从表面上看几屗及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:(should) + 动词原形。
这里的needn't
可以用
don't
need
to代替,意思上是这样的,因为题中要考察情态动词的用法,所以就给你needn't
这个词了,这个词跟need没什么关系,并不是need的否定形式,就是一个单独特殊用法。
第二题不就是“我的意思是你当时不应该以那样的方式跟他说的”吗?没涉及到什么时态用法或情态动词用法的,看似是个考察情态动词用法的题,实则跟情态动词没关系。