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高考常用语态,高考常用语法
tamoadmin 2024-05-28 人已围观
简介1.动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总2.高考英语完形填空常见短语搭配3.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-动词不定式用法举要4.求一般将来时和现在进行时的被动语态结构5.英语高考必须掌握的所有系动词,谢谢,是所有的6.高考英语语法的考点都有哪些状语从句:状语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用
1.动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总
2.高考英语完形填空常见短语搭配
3.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-动词不定式用法举要
4.求一般将来时和现在进行时的被动语态结构
5.英语高考必须掌握的所有系动词,谢谢,是所有的
6.高考英语语法的考点都有哪些
状语从句:
状语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
状语从句讲解和练习 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如:
1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)
2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)
3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)
4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)
5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .(原因状语从句)
状语的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:
1. 时间状语从句 常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home ,then it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2. 地点状语从句 常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型,例如:
句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。
注意此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。例如:
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国***,哪里人民就得解放。
句型2:Any/where+地点从句/主句。
注意anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如:
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。
3. 原因状语从句 常用引导词:because, since, as, for
特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
我的朋友不喜欢我,因为我又英俊又成功。
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
既然每个人都到了,让我们开始我们的会议吧。
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
更高的收入税是有害的,因为它或许会阻碍人们努力赚钱。
4. 目的状语从句 常用引导词:so that, in order that
特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
老板要求秘书快写函件以便他能在上面签字。
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
为了让后面的学生听得更清楚,老师有意地提高了他的声音。
5. 结果状语从句 常用引导词:so … that, such … that,
特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6. 条件状语从句 常用引导词:if, unless,
特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7. 让步状语从句
常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8. 比较状语从句 常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food to men is what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。
9. 方式状语从句 常用引导词:as, as if, how
特殊引导词:the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
10. 状语从句的简化 状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如:
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外,比较状语从句经常省略。例如:
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化"。状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。
状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。
a.连词+形容词 As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
b.连词+名词 While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩子时代就乐于助人。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,但现在他是位著名的导演了。
c.连词+现在分词 As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
d.连词+过去分词 He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
e.连词+不定式 He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。
He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。
f.连词+介词短语 She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。
注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over,
动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总
2020高考就要来临了,你准备好了吗?随着上学期末的到来,复习和高考再次成为热门话题。如何在最后一个假期逆袭,成为不少考生和家长重要事情。下面我为广大考生 总结 了些相关的复习资料!
2020年高考英语常用动词大全
一. 表示“使/让?”概念的动词
这类动词常见的有:have, let, make, get, keep, drive, send, leave, force, cause等.它们后边分别可跟不定式,分词,形容词、介词 短语 ,名词等作宾语补足语。
例如:I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.对不起,让你久等了。
The victory sent our spirits rising.胜利使得我们情绪高涨。
二. 不定式做宾补,不定式符号可以省略的动词
常见的有;see, watch, hear, observe, feel, notice, listen to, llook at等感官动词及表示使役概念的have,let,mak等。这类词在变为被动语态时,其后不定式符号 to常补出。
例如:We are made to work far into the night.我们被迫干活到深夜。注:在这种结构中,watch,have,let一般不变为被动语态。如:The boy was watched to come out。(误)
三. 不定式作宾语补足语,其后内容省略而只保留不定式符号的动词
此类动词常见的有:refuse,want,intend,oblige,mean,expect,tell,hope,like,love,plan,try, prefer,wish等。
例如:-----Why did you cause the baby cry?
-----I did n't mean to.
四. 引导宾语从句用虚拟预期的动词
这类动词在引导宾语从句时常用:should+动词原形,should可以省略,常见的有:order,demend,suggest,insist,require,advise,decide,propose等。
例如:He orderd that we should do it at once.他要求我们立即完成这项工作。
He adviced we should do more speaking practising inorder to improve ourEnglish.他建议我们要想提高英语水平应练习说。
五. 形式主动、意义被动的动词
常见的有:work,open,close,write,cut,look,teach,operate,run,keep,burn,last等。此类词的主语常为物。而且还常与表示特征、状况、行为、方式的副词well,easily,long等连用。
例如:The clothing sells well.
This kind of fruit can keep long.
六. 充当系动词的行为动词
这类动词不能单独构成动词词组,其后须带有表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语,不定式,V-ing,V-ed)构成系表结构,常见的有feel, sound, taste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, make, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。
例如:It sounded like a train that was going under my house.听起来,象有火车在楼下飞驰而过。
Keep fit,study hard and wok well.身体好,学习好,工作好。
七. 只接动名词作宾语的动词
此类动词常见的有: apprecate, adcice,suggest, compiete,finish,consider,enjoy,imagine,mind,miss,practise,keep,delay,risk,excuse,
resist,avoid,escape,admit,forgive,permit,require,prevent,pardon, allow等。
例如:I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education.我非常钦佩她献身 教育 的精神。
Do you mind my asking a question?我问你一个问题你不介意吧?
八. 既可接现在分词又可接过去分词作宾补的动词
此类动词常见的有:get,keep,have,leave,find,see,notice,hear等。
例如:The two cheats had the lighes burning all night long. Yesday XiaoMing had his hair cut,I hardly recognized him.
九. 构成固定短语的“短语动词”
此类动词在英语中数量较大。如:act as充当,beleve in相信,come across遇见,deal with处理,engage in从事,lead to导致,refer to提到,send for派人前往,cut in插嘴 die out灭绝,rise up起义, setoff出发,warm up暖和起来,make fun of取笑,make friends with与?交朋友,set fire on点火,date back to追溯到,get along with 与?相处,look forward to期望,run out of用光,do away with废除.
例如:We must look into the matter immediately.
我们必须马上调查此事。
The old should learn form the young and keep up with.
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高考英语完形填空常见短语搭配
动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系,许多同学都掌握得不好。让我们一起学习吧!以下我为大家编辑的动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总,欢迎大家阅读!
1 动词的语态
语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式,变为被动语态 时,该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2)情态动词+ be +过去分词,构成被动语态。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
琴声悠悠550字1 let 的用法
1)当let后只有一个单音节动词,变被动语态时,可用不带to 的不定式。
They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go.
2) 若let 后宾补较长时,let 通常不用被动语态,而用allow或permit 代替。
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.
----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
2 短语 动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.
Such a thing has never been heard of before..
3 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that… 大家认为
It is suggested that… 据建议
It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remember that…务必记住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
4不用被动语态的情况
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较: rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat.
(对) Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3) 系动词无被动语态:
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
4) 带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态:
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.
5 主动形式表示被动意义
1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
The book sells well. 这本书销路好。
This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。
2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build
I was to blame for the accident.
Much work remains.
3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.
This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。
This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
4) 特殊结构:make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己),have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。
6 被动形式表示主动意义
be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries
He is graduated from a famous university.
他 毕业 于一所有名的大学。
注意: 表示同某人结婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。
He married a rich girl.
He got married to a rich girl.
7 need/want/require/worth
注意:当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。
Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
典型例题
The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.
A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
答案A. need (实意) +n /to do,need (情态)+ do,当为被动语态时,还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法,选A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。
典:done,"不可能已经"。must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。
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2. 英语语法:动词的时态和语态
3. 英语基础语法知识点汇总:动词的语态
4. 动词的语态语法讲解及练习题
5. 动词英语基础语法
6. 初中常考的英语语法知识点汇总
7. 英语动词的语法归纳
8. 最新九年级英语语法知识点总结大全
9. 九年级英语语法知识点整理归纳
10. 英语被动语态知识点总结讲解
高考英语语法:高中英语语法-动词不定式用法举要
#高三# 导语有很多的同学是非常的关心高考英语完形填空有哪些答题技巧的,我整理了相关信息,希望会对大家有所帮助!
英语完形填空必备短语
1.With the help of 在~~帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在~~领导/关心下
2.be strict with sb. 对~人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对~事要求严格
3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时
4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上
5. lie in 位于~~之内 lie on 同~~接壤 lie to 位于~~之外
6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫,一点
7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以~~名义
8. in the air 空中,在流传 on the air 播出
9. in the way 挡路,障碍,用~~方法 in a way 在某点上,在某种程度上get one’s own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步,屈服 lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on one’s way to 在去~~的路上 Come this way 这边走
10. at the corner 在拐角处(外角)in the corner 在角落里(内角)
常用英语完型填空单词词组
1.以break为中心的词组
break away from 脱离,逃离 break down 破坏,粉碎;瓦解;出故障,抛锚 break in 闯进,打断;使顺服 break into 闯入;强行进入;突然开始 break out 爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚 break the law 违反法律 break the record 破记录 break one’s promise 失言 break up 开垦,破碎;解散,分开,分解
2.以catch为中心的词组
be caught doing 被发现做某事 be caught in the rain 淋雨 catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车 catch a cold 伤风,感冒 catch one’s word 听懂某人的话 catch sight of 发现,瞥见 catch up with 赶上,追及,追上
3.以come为中心的词组
come across 偶尔发现,想起;越过;偿付 come along 一道来,陪伴;进步,进展;出现 come at 达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击 come back 回来;恢复,复原 come down 倒下;降落;跌落;病倒 come from 来自,起源于,从~~产生,生于 come in 进来,进入;流行起来;获名次 come into being 发生,产生,出现,形成 come into power 开始执政,当权,当选 come into use 开始使用,获得应用 come on 上演;开始;赶快;发展;登台;(问题)被提出 come to know 开始了解到 come out 出来,传出;出版;结果是;褪色;(秘密)泄露 come to 苏醒,复原;共计;达到;归结于 come to an end 终止,结束 come true 实现,成为现实;证实 come up 走近;上楼;长出,发芽
4.以do为中心的词组
be done in 精疲力竭 be done with 完全结束 do a good deed 做一件好事 do away with 去掉,废除;弄死;浪费 do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于 do harm to (=do sb. good) 有害于 do its work 有效,有作用 do much 极有用 do wrong to 做错 do one’s best 尽某人努力 do one’s homework 做作业 do one’s utmost 尽力而为 do proud 足以使~~骄傲 do sb. justice 公平对待某人 do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞卫生 do sb. a favor 帮助某人 do well in 学得不错,干得漂亮 do with 和~~相处,忍受,处理 do without 不需要,不用 do wonders 创造奇迹 have much to do with 和~~很有关系 have nothing to do with 与~~无关 have something to do with 和~~有关 in doing so=in so doing 这时,在这种情况下 That will do. 行了;够了
高考英语完型填空如何提高
抓住首句,预测全文
完形填空所选短文多没有标题,但一般首句是一个不设空(或较简单)的完整的句子,往往用以点明短文的体裁,如议论、说明或叙述等。因此,我们在解题时一定要注意以首句的时态、语态及表述方式为立足点来进行逻辑思维,判断文章体裁,找出文章中心。
避难就易,节省时间
在解题过程中,我们应该遵循“先易后难”的原则,遇到少数疑难问题时不可徘徊不前。为了不影响做题速度,我们可以暂时跳过难点,去解决那些靠上下文能确定的、比较直接具体的问题。或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或明确的表示,或许一个在前面不能解的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。一般说来,固定词组、习惯搭配、常见句型及明显的语法结构等易于判断。
捕捉题眼,寻找契机
所谓“题眼”,就是指那些在短文中起重要作用的关键词以及能够帮助我们解决问题问题的特定的语境。捕捉题眼,就是要迅速找到语篇中的特殊的内在联系——那些表示因果、递进、转折、指代等意义的连接词及动词、形容词、副词、同位语等,还有那些明确具体的事实(如时间、地点、人物、形状、色彩、顺序),以及它们之间的关系等。
求一般将来时和现在进行时的被动语态结构
《高中英语语法-动词不定式用法举要》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。
动词不定式用法举要
?动词不定式的语法功能
动词不定式可以在句子中作除谓语之外的几乎所有成分,即可在不同的句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。如:
To see is to believe. (主语)眼见为实,耳听为虚。 / 百闻不如一见。
Her job is to take care of the children in the kindergarten? (表语)她的工作是在幼儿园照顾小孩。
The old woman hopes to travel to Hainan. (宾语)那老太太希望去海南旅游。
The doctor persuaded the patient to give up smoking . (宾语补足语)医生劝说这位病人戒烟。
Tom has a great deal of housework to do this weekend. (定语)这个周末汤姆有很多家务活要做。
Nice to see you again here. (状语)很高兴再次在这见到你。
To be honest/frank, l dislike her. (独立成分)老实 / 坦白说,我不喜欢她。
?动词不定式的否定式
动词不定式的否定式由? not+ 不定式?构成。如:
I decided not to go there so hurriedly . 我决定不这么匆忙地去那儿。
?动词不定式的省略
1 .省略不定式的符号 to.
动词不定式作 see, look at, watch, notice, observe, feel 等感官动词以及 have, let, make 等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时,不定式的符号 to 要省略。如:
I often hear my neighbor sing English songs 我经常听到我邻居唱英文歌。
2 .保留不定式的符号 to, 省略动词原形。
有时为了避免重复,可以只用 to 代替前面的不定式,这种情况往往出现在下列动词如 care, expect, forget, hope, intend, mean, prefer, try, want, wish, be glad/ happy/ delighted, would like/ love 等后面。如:
I have never been to Macao but I do wish to. 我从没去过澳门,但我很渴望去。
?动词不定式的时态和语态
动词不定式有一般式、进行式和完成式,当动词不定式的逻辑主语是它所表示的动作的承受者时,动词不定式要用被动语态。如:
It is an honour for me to be invited to the party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加聚会。
?动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的逻辑主语有时用? for/of + 名词或代词宾格?构成,不定式的复合结构可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
注意:不定式的复合结构作主语时,? It be + 形容词 +of sb to do sth ?句型应表示人的特征的形容词,且可以转换 成? sb be + 形容词 +to do sth ?句型;而? It +be + 形容词 +for
sb to do sth ? 句型用于表示事情本身的特征,不能倒过来说。如:
It's foolish of Jimmy to make such a decision.(=Jimmy is foolish to make such a decision) 吉米做出这样的决定是愚蠢的。
六、?疑问词 + 动词不定式?结构
?疑问词 + 动词不定式?相当于名词,可以在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。如:
The little girl didn't know what to do next. 那小女孩不知道下一步怎么办。 《高中英语语法-动词不定式用法举要》由liuxue86.com我整理
英语高考必须掌握的所有系动词,谢谢,是所有的
现在完成时、一般将来时和现在进行时的被动语态是高考重要考点,学习时应把握它们的构成、用法及句型变换。 一、掌握现在完成时被动语态构成、用法及句型变换 (一)了解现在完成时被动语态构成 现在完成时被动语态结构为has/have been done,使用has been done时主语为单数,使用have been done时主语为复数。 (二)熟悉现在完成时被动语态用法 现在完成时被动语态用来强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作对现在造成的影响。如: Our classroom has been cleaned, you needn't clean it now.我们的教室已被打扫过了,你没必要再打扫了。 简析:该句强调教室已被打扫过对现在造成的影响是教室是干净的,强调这个影响,你就没必要再打扫了。 现在完成时被动语态还可强调到目前为止已存在若干时间的被动性动作或状态。如: This book has been published for two weeks.这本书已被出版两周。 This work has been done for two hours.这项工作已做完两小时。 (三)掌握现在完成时被动语态句型变换 从现在完成时被动语态结构has/have been done可以看出has/have为助动词,因此现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换均应借助于has/have来完成。如构成否定句时直接在has/have后面加not,构成一般疑问句时将has/have提前,其简略回答保留has/have,构成反意疑问句时,附加问句的动词也保留has/have。如: —Has this bridge been finished? —Yes, it has./No, it hasn't. —这座桥竣工了吗? —是的,竣工了。/不,没有竣工。(一般疑问句及简略回答) Has your lost key been found in this room or that one?你丢失的钥匙是在这个房间还是那个房间被找到的?(选择疑问句) 二、掌握一般将来时被动语态构成、用法及句型变换 (一)了解一般将来时被动语态构成 一般将来时的表现形式较多,因此其被动语态的构成形式也较多。 1.will/shall be done 其中will用于第一人称,shall用于各种人称。 2.is/am/are going to be done使用is时主语为单数,使用are时主语为复数,使用am时主语为I。 3.is/am/are to be done is, am, are使用特点同2。 4.表到将来某一时刻为止某一动作已被完成时,用现在完成时被动语态has/have been done代替,使用has时主语为单数,使用have时主语为复数。 5. 在条件状语从句、时间状语从句中用一般现在时被动语态is/am/are done代替,is, am, are使用特点同2。 (二)熟悉一般将来时被动语态用法 1.表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作,此时既可用will/shall be done, is/am/are going to be done,也可用is/am/are to be done。如: This work will/is going to/is to be done at once.这项工作将立即被完成。 2.表示征求对方意见,此时常用is/am/are to be done。如: Are these windows to be cleaned twice?这些窗子需要擦两遍吗? 3.表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果,此时常用will/shall be done。如: Heated to 100℃,water will be turned into steam.加热到100℃时,水将会被变成蒸气。 4.表示可能性,此时常用is/am/are to be done表示。如: Who is to be chosen to attend the meeting?谁有可能被选出参加这次会议? 5.表示到将来某一时刻为止已经完成的被动性动作,此时常用现在完成时被动语态代替一般将来时被动语态。如: I'll come to see you when my homework has been finished.当我完成家庭作业时我就来看你。 6.用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,此时应用一般现在时被动语态形式is/am/are代替一般将来时被动语态。如: I need one more stamp before my col-lection is completed.还需一枚邮票我的邮册才能被集完。 简析:before引导时间状语从句,应用一般现在时被动语态代替一般将来时被动语态。 (三)掌握一般将来时被动语态句型变换 一般将来时被动语态由陈述句变成其它句型时均应借助于助动词will/shall或is/am/are来完成,如构成否定句时直接在will/shall或is/am/are后加not,构成一般疑问句时将will/shall或is/am/are提前,其简略回答保留will/shall或is/am/are,构成反意疑问句时,附加问句的动词也保留will/shall或is/am/are。如: This bridge will be built soon, won't it?这座桥很快将被建成,是吗?(反意疑问句) Won't water be turned into ice, if it is below freezing.如果气温在冰点以下,水难道不会被变成冰吗?(否定疑问句) 三、掌握现在进行时被动语态构成、用法及句型变换 (一)了解现在进行时被动语态构成 现在进行时被动语态结构为:is/am/are being done,使用is时主语为第三人称,使用am时主语为I,使用are时主语为复数,is/am/are体现标准对照时间点为现在,being体现进行时,being done体现被动语态。 (二)熟悉现在进行时被动语态用法 现在进行时被动语态用来表示说话时正在进行的被动性动作。如: A modern school is being built in my hometown. 我的家乡正在建一所现代化学校。 Li Ping is being operated on in that hospital.李平正在那家医院接受手术。 (三)掌握现在进行时被动语态句型变换 现在进行时被动语态各种句型变换均应借助于动词is/am/are来完成,具体方法与现在完成时、一般将来时被动语态句型变换相似。如: This film isn't being shown now.这场**现在不在放映。(否定句) The machine is being repaired, isn't it?这台机器正在被检修,是吗?(反意疑问句)
高考英语语法的考点都有哪些
系动词
系动词又称联系动词,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(也称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell illyesterday.
(fall是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况
He fell off theladder.
(fall是实义动词,单独作谓语。)
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher.
(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always keptsilent at meeting.
This matter restsa mystery.
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired.
He seems (to be)very sad.
4)感官系动词
主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of clothfeels very soft.
This flower smellsvery sweet.
5)变化系动词
表示主语变成什么样,有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,run
He became madafter that.
She grew richwithin a short time.
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor provedfalse.
The search proveddifficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turnedout a success. (turn out表终止性结果)
I、常见系动词错误及其成因:
(1)漏掉系动词
I afraid he won'tcome tomorrow .
( 2 )误用系动词
His hair changedgrey .(混淆了change 与turn,grow)
I.系动词分类:
一、根据系动词后所跟结构,分为两大类:完全系动词(其后只能跟表语的动词,如be)和半系动词(其后既可跟表语作系动词用法,也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用,如look)
He looked sad atthe news.
(“看起来”,系动词用法)
He looks at aclever boy.
(“看着”,实义动词用法)
在英语中,某一动词是多义词,既有实义动词用法,又有系动词用法。常见的有:
listen, look ,touch ,hear,see ,sound ,feel, taste ,remain ,keep,stay, turn,become
二、根据系动词的意义,分为四类:
A.五大感官系动词 B.状态系动词
C.动态系动词 D.双谓语系动词
A.五大感官系动词,描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来,都是半系动词
1.look“看起来像是”,后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。
The girl bit herlips and looked thoughtful.
2.smell“闻起来”,后接adj.,分词。
The flowers smellsweet.
3.sound“听起来”,后接adj.,分词。
The music soundssweet.
4.taste“尝起来”,后接adj.,分词。
The apples tastevery good.
5.feel①“摸起来,给……感觉”;②“觉得”,后接adj
The silk feelsvery soft.
You will feelbetter after a night’s sleep.
B.状态系动词:
1.be,“是”,完全系动词。
I am a student.
2.seem,“似乎,好像”,完全系动词。
They seem quitehappy.
3.appear,“显得,看起来好像”,半系动词。
He appeared tiredand sleepy.
It appeared(tobe)a true story.
Now it appears tome that he may play an important part in settling the problem. (在我看来)
4.keep, “保持……的状态”,半系动词,后接adj或介词短语。
You’d better go to bed and keep warm.
5.remain,“仍是”,半系动词。
I remained silent.
6.stay“保持(某种状态)”,半系动词,后接adj.、过去分词。
The window stayedopen all the night.
7.prove “证明是”,半系动词,后接adj.,n.
The treatmentproved to be successful.
C.动态系动词:都属于半系动词,描述状态变化过程。
1.get“变成,变得……起来”,后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。
The days aregetting longer and longer.
The train didn’t get going again.
It’s nothing to get excited about.
My watch gets outof order.
2.fall“进入(某种状态),成为”,后常接以下形容词:
asleep, silent,ill, sick
The old man,unable to express himself, fell silent.
My father fell illand died.
3.grow“渐渐变得……起来,长得”
You will grow usedto it.
It’s growing warm.
4.turn“转变成(新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质),变质(色)”。
Maple trees turnred in autumn.
It was cloudy thismorning, but fortunately it has turned fine.
He has turnedwriter.
(注意:此时writer之前无冠词a.)
5.go,“变成(某种坏的状态)”
The telephone hasgone dead.
The material hasgone a funny colour. (奇怪)
go之后常接的adj. 还有:bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry,mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey
6.become“变成,成为(好坏均可的情况)”
He became angrywith me.
It became dark.
They became goodfriends.
I becameinterested in drawing.
7.come,“变成为(已知的状态),证实为”,后接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语,表示状态或情况的变化。
His wish to becomea pilot has come true.
If you look intothe matter, everything will come clear.
My shoelaces havecome undone.
后面常接的形容词还有:apart, dear(昂贵),natural,open, untied(松开)。
8.run,“变成”,后接adj.
The well has rundry.
The price ranhigh.
9.make,“达到某种状态[后接形容词],如sure, certain, merry, bold, free
We must makecertain of facts.
我们一定要弄清事实。
The Children makefree with the apples.
孩子们随便吃苹果。
D.双谓语系动词
此类系动词既有系动词的功能,后接表语,又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如:
The run rose red. 太阳升起红艳艳。
She stopped andstood quite still.
The book lay openon the table.
The snow lay thickon the ground.
He marriedyoung.
The window blew open.
III.系动词用法应注意的八个问题
1.系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论
一般,状态系动词无进行时态,而动态系动词有进行时态。但在某些情况下,状态系动词也有进行时态,表示两个用途:
(1)表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如:
He is being kind.
他装出和蔼可亲的样子(一时而不能持久的性质)
(2)表示一种探询口气,使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如:
I hope you arekeeping well.
(语气委婉)
Are you feelingany better?
(语气亲切)
试比较:
Your hand feelscold.
你的手摸起来冰凉(无意识的静态性质)
不可以说:
Your hand isfeeling cold.(×)
The doctor isfeeling her pulse.
医生正在给她把脉(有意识的动态动作)
The soup tastesgood.
这汤的味道不错(静态性质,无进行时)
The cook istasting the soup.厨师在尝汤的味道。(动态动作,有进行时)
总之,系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。在概述某一动词的进行时态时,不能笼统地说feel,smell无进行时,应指出其意义及其语用环境。以smell为例
①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时,虽是实义动词,但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态,常与can, could, be able to连用。
The camels cansmell the water a mile off.
骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。
②指“嗅、闻”的动作时,实义动词,可用于进行时态。
The girl issmelling the flower.
③smell指“含有……气味”,“发出……气味”等事物性质时,半系动词,无进行时态。
The dinner smellsgood.
2.系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题
某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是“越来越……”。
He is growingtaller and taller.
Our life isgetting better and better.
The things aregetting worse.
3.所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论
某动词在作系动词用时,无被动语态,而作实义动词用时,才有被动语态
不能说: The apple is tasted good.
(因为taste此时是系动词,“尝起来”之意,指的是苹果的性质,无被动语态)
但可以说: The apple is tasted by me.
(taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作,有被动语态)
因此要注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法
4.瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题
某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段,since+时间点,how long until+时间,by + 时间,so far”直接连用
①不能说:
He has become ateacher for 2 years.
应改为:
He has been ateacher for 2 years.
②不能说:He has turned writer since 3 years ago.
应改为:He has been a write since 3 years ago.
或It is two years since he turned writer.
③不能说:He got angry until his child came backhome.
应改为:He didn’t getangry until his child came back home.
5.系动词能接几种表语(从句)
系动词除了接adj.\n.\介词短语,某些adv.以外,还可接以下几种表语形式:
①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有:look,smell,sound,feel;appear(显得),seem(似乎)
It looks as if weare going to have snow.
He looked as if hehad just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.
It seems as if it werespring already.
②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有:seem, appear, 不可用be, look
It seemed that hehad made some serious mistakes in his work.
It appeared thathe was talking to himself.
③能用不定式作表语的系动词有:be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.
Her job is to lookafter the children.
He looks to be ayoung girl of twenty.
④能与there连用的系动词有:be,appear, seem.
There appeared tobe only one room.
There seems(tobe)no need to go.
6.能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个:seem, appear.
It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.
= It seems that wecan’t get our money back.
He seems not to beher father.
= He doesn’t seem to be her father.
The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.
= The baby appearsnot to be awake.
7、几组易混系动词的区别
系动词的区别主要从两个方面作比较,一是其意义,二是其结构。
1)get, become, go, turn, grow“变成”
get:“变得”口语。后接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式作表语,但不能与名词直接连用。
become:“变成,成为(好坏情况均可)。”后接形容词、名词、过去分词作表语,不能与不定式连用。
go:“变成(某种由好到坏的情况)”,后接形容词、过去分词、名词作表语。
Turn:“转变成”强调与原来不同的、新的变化,如变质、变色等。后接形容词、不带冠词的名词作表语,后不接不定式。
grow:“逐渐变得……”,强调其变化过程。后接形容词、分词、不定式,不可直接跟名词。
2)look, seem, appear“好像”
三者作系动词时在意义上的区别:
look:“好像,看起来”,一般用于非正式场合,侧重指从本身外表特征上由视觉得到的印象。
seem :“似乎,好像”,指说话人内心的估计与判断,有一定依据,接近于实际情况。
appear:“显得,好像”,常用于正式文体中,指某事物或人给他人的表面印象,有时含有实质上并非如此之意。
He looks like hisfather. (指其长相看起来相像)
He seems like hisfather. (指说话人从个性方面得到的判断)
He appears likehis father.(指他的外貌、衣着给他人的印象)
3)keep, remain, stay“保持……状态”
①keep作系动词时,“保持……状态”,后接adj.或介词短语:alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy
Have you kept wellall these years?
I hope it willkeep fine.
In order to keepfit, all students go in for sports.
We’d better keep in touch.
②remain,系动词“仍然存在……状态”,后接adj.、过去分词、名词或介词短语,强调某种状态前后无变化。
The door remainedclosed.
门仍然关着。
Your room remainslike this.
你的房间依旧是这样子。
③stay,作系动词用时“保持……状态”,后接形容词、分词。
That fellow stayedsingle.
那个小伙子仍保持单身。
It’s easy to stay hidden.
躲起来很容易。
后常接的形容词有:calm, clean, fresh, healthy, young, open,awake, warm, fine, 常可与keep互换。如:
Stay/keepcalm(clean, fine, healthy, awake等)
①What you have said_______.
A.is soundedinteresting
B.soundsinteresting
C.soundinterested
D.listensinterested
②The class begins. Please keep________.
A.silent B.silence
C.the silence D.silently
③Look! Several people in the crowdseemed_______.
A.to be fighting B.to havefought
C.being fought D.havingfought
④How _____the song she sings sounds! I havenever ______a better voice.
A.beautifully, sounded
B.beautiful, sounded
C.sweet, listened to
D.sweet, heard
⑤Her feeling about the marriage ______ratherstrange.
A.is looked B.is seemed
C.seems D.isappeared
⑥John _____driver since two months ago.
A.became a B.has becomea
C.has turned D.has been a
⑦The ice_____ thick on the river.
A.is lain
B.lay
C.laid
D.lie
高中语法主要有主谓一致、冠词、代词、连词、介词、动词短语、情态动词、时态语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、动词、从句等。
高考英语语法考点
一、定语从考点
1.which引导的代表整个主句内容的非限制性定语从句which引导非限制性定语从句时可代表主句内容,前面有逗号与主句隔开。
例句:The CCTV’s 2010 Entertainment Party was successfullyheld on the evening of February 13th,2010, which wasanother great encouragement to all the Chinese.中央电视台2010年春节文娱晚会于2010年2月13日晚成功举行,这对全体中国人民来说又是一个巨大的鼓舞。
2.特定词汇+of whom ,which引导的非限制性定语从句介词(包括复杂介词),数词(包括数量代词)及其它含局部与整体关系的特定词~E+of whom(指人)/which(指物)可以引导非限制性定语从句,此时前面不可加and,but等连词,该结构也可改为of whom /which+特定词汇引导定语从句。
例句:Our English teacher has three daughters,all of whom /ofwhom all are considerate.
我们的英语老师有三个女儿,个个都很善解人意
3.由when.where引导的先行词隐蔽度比较高的定语从句历年的高考考查实践表明,增加定语从句难度的手段之一是增加先行词的隐蔽度,如用point,case,situation等抽象的地点名词做先行词,当其在定语从句中做地点状语时用where引导定语从句的判断难度会增加,用occasion,period等表示抽象时间的名词做先行词,当其在定语从句中做时间状语时用when引导定语从句的判别难度也会增加。
例句:I’m sorry that I can’t think out a situation where thiskind of deion is used.
对不起我想不出这种描绘被使用的场合。
二、名词性从句考点
1.what引导的名词性从句
what可引导名词性从句,表示“. ·-的内容(人、时间、地点、价格、速度、方式等)”。The Great Wall of China is what I most want to visit.长城是我最想参观的地方。
2. that引导的同位语从句
that可引导同位语从句,说明被修饰名词的内容。
例句:Word hascome that the sports meeting will be put of.
有消息说运动会将被推迟。
3.whatever.whoever引导的名词性从句 whatever和whoever可引导名词Jl生从句,前者表示“无论什么 ,后者表示“不管谁 。
例句:You can give the book to whoever you think needs it.
你可以把这本书给任何你认为需要这本书的人。
4.whether,if引导的名词性从句
if只可引导宾语从句且不能和or not连用。whether可引导各种名词性从句且可和or not连用。
例句:When shall we discuss the question whether we will havea picnic next week?
我们什么时候讨论下周是否搞一次野餐的问题?
三、状语从句考点
1.where引导的地点状语从句
where可引导地点状语从句,表示“在..的地方 。0ur school lies where there is a small river.我们学校位于有一条小河的地方。
2.before引导的时间状语从句
before引导时间状语从句时可表示“在..之前,尚未来得及,趁 。
例句:Thenaughty boy had run away before I could call him tostop.
我还没有来得及叫住他,这个调皮男孩就跑开了。
3.unless.as/so long as引导的条件状语从句
unless,as/so long as可弓I导条件状语从句,前者表示。除非 ,后者表示“只要 。
例句:As/So long as you treat them truly,you can win overtheir respect.
只要你真诚地对待他们,你会赢得他们的尊敬。
4 . so that.in case引导的目的状语从句
so that,in ease可引导目的状语从旬,前者表示“以便”,后者表示“以免 。
例句:Please close all the doors and windows in ease it willrain.
请关上所有门窗,以防天会下雨。
5.while引导的让步状语从句
while可引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。
例句:While this problem is very difficult,it is very important.
尽管这道题很难,却很重要。
四、情态动词考点
1.推测性情态动词用法
may(可许,可能),might(可许,可能),must(一定,必定),can(或许,可能)均有推测性用法,其中might可能性最小,must可能性最大。may,might,must常用于肯定句,may,might用于否定句可表示“可能不 ,can常用于否定句和疑问句,用于否定句表示 不可能 。
例句:— — Can the man standing there be OUY physics teacher?
— — No.he can’t be our physics teacher.
— — 站在那边的那个人可能是我们的物理老师吗?
— — 不,不可能。
2.should的用法
should常表示“应该”,但可置于句首用于条件状语从句(省去if),表示。万一 ,还可表示 竟然
例句:Should you see the thiel,try to catch him.如果你见到小偷,尽量捉住他。
3.may,must,earl’t,should (shouldn’t),ought to(oughtn’tto).needn’t的完成式用法mav have done表示“可能已经做了某事 ,must have done表示“一定已经做了某事”,can’t have done表示“不可能已经做了某事”,should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做某事但实际未做 ,shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done表示 本来不应该做某事但实际已做”,Ileedn’t have done表示“本来没有必要做某事但实际已做”。
例句:Our Chinese teacher isn’t in her offlee,so she may /might/must have gone home.
我们的语文老师不在办公室,所以她可能/-~定回家了。
五、倒装句型考点
1.完全倒装句型考点
地点状语置于句首时需要使用完全倒装句型,将动词直接提前。
例句:At the back of our school stands a high tower.
我们学校后面矗立着一座高塔。
SO(肯定句中表示“也”),neither,IOF(否定旬中表示“也”),80.that. (引导结果状语从句)j only(不修饰主句),no[only.but also. (不连接主语,连接两个分旬时第一个分旬倒装,第二个分句不倒装),not until,Never,hardly,little,hardly.when., SO SO01qe/"than,not a,nowhere,in no ease等词或短语置于句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。
例句:Only then did we realize the harm of pollution.
只有在那时我们才意识到污染的危害。
2.as引导的特殊倒装句型
as引导让步状语从句时可将表语、动词、副词提前,将as紧随其后。如果表语为单数可数名词,提前时应去掉不定冠词。
例句:Weak as she was,she still went on working.
尽管她身体虚弱,仍继续工作。
六、虚拟语气考点
1.与过去事实相反的if虚拟条件状语从句与过去事实相反时,从句动词用had done,主句动词用would,could,should,might have done,当从句动词含有were,had,could,should时可将其提至句首将if省略。
例句:Had I known it at that time,I would have told you.
如果那时我知道这件事一定告诉了你。
2.混合虚拟条件从句
如果if虚拟条件状语主从句时态不一致,应根据各自所体现的时间关系加以适当的调整,采用不同的动词形式。
例句:If she had told me her telephone number yesterday,Icould phone her now.
如果她昨天把她的电话号码告诉了我,我现在就可以给她打电话了。
3.with.without.but for引导的含蓄虚拟条件从句with,without,but for可取代if引导含蓄虚拟条件从句。
例句:With your help,I could have made more achievements.
如果得到你的帮助,我一定会取得更多成就。
4.wish引导的表示过去主观愿望的宾语从句
wish引导宾语从句时如果表示过去的主观愿望,从句动词应用had done或could have done。
例句:I wish I had /could have watched that basketball matchyesterdayafternoon.
我希望我昨天下午看了那场篮球赛。
5.insist,suggest引导的宾语从句
insist,suggest接宾语从若表示建议应用虚拟语气,动词形式为(should)do,但如果insist表示 坚持认为,固执己见 ,suggest表示。表明、暗示 ,所在宾语从句应用陈述语气。
例句:Thedoctor insisted that the patient was seriously ill and(should)be 0Dcrated 0n at once. 医生坚持认为病人病得很严重,建议其立即做手术。
七、不定式考点
1.不定式做目的状语
不定式可做目的状语,如果对其强调可将其提至句首,此时应注意人称一致。
为了及时赶到那里,她将自行车骑得很快。
误:T0 get there in time.her bike waS ridden fast.
正:To get there in time.she rode her bike fast.
2.不定式做结果状语
不定式可做结果状语,强调出乎意料的动作,此时前面可加onlyo
例句:I went to see her to find her absent.
我去看她结果发现她不在家。
3.不定式的复杂形式
不定式除有一般式外,还有否定式not to do,进行式to bedoing、完成式to have done、被动式to be done、完成被动式tohave beendone等复杂形式。
例句;All the employees worked hard not to be fired.
为了不被解雇,所有的员工努力工作。
4.不定式独立主格结构
with+名词+不定式可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示未来的动作。
例句:Witha lot of work to do,I can’t help you at present.
因为有许多工作要做,我现在不能帮助你。
八、V—ing形式考点
1.V—ing形式做宾语
excuse. f0r. ,can’t help,suggest,include,insist on,keep on, consider, finish, practice, put off, postpone, delay,miss,avoid,give up,imagine,feel like,enjoy,risk,mind,appreciate,stand,escape等词后面只能接V—ing形式做宾语。remember 得曾做某事),forget(忘了曾做某事),mean(意谓着),try(尝试),regret (后悔),go on (继续做同一件事),stop(停止做某事),need(主语需要被..)等词表示括号内的含义时也应接v—ing形式做宾语。
例句:The hare was lucky enough to have avoided being caught.
这只野兔很幸运,错过了被捉住。
2.V—ing形式做定语
V—ing形式做定语可表示被修饰名词的的用途和性质,也可表示正在进行的动作。
例句:The great noise comes from the building being built now.
这巨大的噪音来自正在被建的楼房。
3.V—ing形式做状语
V—ing形式做状语常表示动作正在进行,此时应注意它的逻辑主语为主句主语。
例句:Holding a book in his hand,he came into the room.
他手里拿着一本书走进了房间。
4. V—ing形式做宾语补足语
V—ing形式做宾语补足语也表示动作正在进行。
例句:WhenI came to the five~ide.I f0und girl struggling inthe water.
来到河边时我看见一个女孩在水中挣扎。
5. V—ing形式独立主格结构
with+名词+V—ing形式可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示正在进行的动作。
例句:With the water still rising,the villages couldn’t return totheir village.
因为水位还在上涨,村民们无法回到村里。
6.V—ing形式复杂形式
V—ing形式除有一般式外还有完成式having done,被动式being done,完成被动式having been done,否定式not doing,完成否定式not having done,完成被动式的否定式not havingbeen done。
例句:Havingsaid goodbye to each other, the children wenthome.
彼此说了再见之后,孩子们回家了。
九、过去分词考点猜想
1.过去分词做状语
过去分词做状语常表示被动的动作,也可因来自系表结构而表示主动的动作。
例句:Caught in a heavy rain,the girl was all wet.
因为被浇了一场大雨,这女孩浑身湿透了。
2.过去分词独立主格结构
with+名词+过去分词可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示被动的动作。
例句:With his homework finished, the boy went out to getrelaxed.
因为家庭作业完成了,这个男孩出去放松了一下。